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Programmed cell death (PCD) is normally restricted to infection sites.
Normally, when programmed cell death (PCD) is initiated in response to viral infection, cell death is restricted to infection sites that appear here as yellow spots (left). When the "pro-survival" signal is inactivated in the plant, the PCD response continues unchecked, resulting in extensive plant tissue damage (right).
Credit: Michael Schiff and S. Dinesh-Kumar, MCDB, Yale University
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