Slide Words: S & E Doctorates Earned by U.S. Citizens and Non-Citizens: 1980-2001

Slide Image: A line graph showing Science and Engineering Doctorates earned by U.S. citizens and non-citizens from 1980 to 2001.

The left (vertical) axis represents the number of doctorates earned in thousands from 0 to 10.
The bottom (horizontal) axis represents the years from 1980 to 2001.

The lines on the graph represent:
U.S citizens, white male: around 9,250 in 1980; around 7,250 in 2001
Temporary visa holders: around 2,900 in 1980; up to around 8,300 in 1992; to around 8,200 in 2001
U.S citizens, white female: around 3,100 in 1980; up to around 6,000 in 1998 and 2000; to around 5,800 in 2001
Permanent visa holders: around 1,000 in 1980; increased significantly (peaked) to around 3,600 in 1995; down to around 1,250 in 2001
U.S. citizens, minority: around 900 in 1980; around 2,500 in 2001

Credit: Division of Science Resources Statistics, National Science Foundation