Collage: Multidisciplinary Collaboration and Partnerships across all Sectors

Caption: Collage of five images representing collaboration across all scientific sectors.

Source: Clockwise from lower left:

1. Image: Sulfate reducing bacteria
Caption: Used as cover on Science, 1 December 2000
Source: Jill Banfield, U. Wisconsin, Madison
Website: http://www.geology.wisc.edu/~jill/tennyson/tennyson.html
NSF Funded: Yes
In Image Library: YES

2. Image: Polystyrene Nanoparticles
Caption: Image showing polystyrene nanoparticles dynamically deposited into Poly (dimethylsiloxane) grooves.
Source: Dr. Gilbert Walker, Univ. of Pittsburg
NSF Funded: yes
This research is supported by National Science Foundation grants CHE 98-16820 and PHY 01-03048. In Image Library: YES

3. Image: Titanium Dioxide Microsphere
Caption: Titanium dioxide microsphere (1-50 microns in diameter) with (approximately) closed-packed spherical inclusions. These can be thought of as small "photonic crystallites," which are expected to scatter light very efficiently.
Source: Sascha Klein, Fred Lange, and David Pine, Univ. of California – Santa Barbara

4. Image: Branched electron flow
Caption: Experimental discovery of branching and fringing of electron flow. The fringes are quantum wave interference effects. Scientific illustration (with Scot Shaw): Inspired by the experiments, branch formation is shown to be due to electrons riding over random hills and depressions in the potential landscape that they must negotiate. The branching is an indirect effect of this landscape: branches are not associated simply with valleys in the landscape. Transport II, the first of a series of large format high resolution electron flow images using branched flow physics, revealing the caustics formed when electrons flow from center image. This image was used for the cover of Nature, March 8, 2001 in connection with the publication of the new results. The electron flow patterns are remarkably flexible and organic-a new medium for artistic creation.
Source: Eric Heller, Harvard University
NSF permission to use: YES

5. Central image: Caption: Photo Collages: Engineering Living Tissue, Engineering Biological Muscle, Engineering Biological Bodies
Caption: (1) In an experiment at the Georgia Tech/Emory Center (GTEC) for the Engineering of Living Tissues – a National Science Foundation-supported Engineering Research Center – graduate students examine a sample in a bioreactor for potential use in engineering cartilage tissue. Ultimately, this work will lead to biological (non-synthetic) devices for organ and tissue replacement, repair, and therapeutic uses in the human body. (2) At the Georgia Tech/Emory Center (GTEC) for the Engineering of Living Tissues—an NSF Engineering Research Center—a graduate student uses flow cytometry to characterize smooth muscle cells that will be used in cardiovascular tissue engineering devices. (3) A graduate student at one of the National Science Foundation's Engineering Research Centers – Georgia Tech/Emory Center for the Engineering of Living Tissues—exposes cells to mechanical forces in order to measure their migration rates across surfaces that imitate blood vessels. This research is aimed at creating living replacements for artificial materials used for implantation into the human body, and at fostering tissue regeneration.
Source: Georgia Tech/Emory ERC, GTEC