Graphic: measuring the distance of the Nautile(2,600 meters) and the Alvin (2,500 meters) from the East Pacific Ridge
Background image: Earth and the location of the East Pacific Ridge outside the Galapagos Islands
Caption: In 1999, sulfide chimneys were collected on dives by the submersibles Alvin and Nautile. Vibrio species were identified that bore significant similarity to Vibrio cholerae, suggesting that it is native to the deep sea.
Source: NSF/KDW adapted from material and data from D. Chayes, Lamount Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia Univ.
Website: http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/
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