Geosciences

Research in the geosciences is supported to advance the state of knowledge about Earth, including its atmosphere, continents, oceans, interior, and sun, and the processes that modify them as well as link them together. General objectives of this research are to

Advance the knowledge of Earth's upper and lower atmosphere and space environment, including solar influences, general circulation and the physical bases of climate, and the smaller scale, shorter term phenomena that describe weather processes;
Provide further insights into the Earth's structure, composition, processes, and history, and improve understanding of its resources, hazards, and beneficial use;
Expand our knowledge of the physical, chemical, geological, and biological processes in the ocean, and at its boundaries, with the atmosphere, the shoreline, the seafloor, and the Earth's crust beneath, and develop technology to achieve these goals; and
Facilitate research and educational activities that lead to the use of geosciences in meeting national needs, including support for research in national strategic areas such as the U.S. Global Change Research Program and High Performance Computing and Communications and in other strategic areas such as environmental research, advanced materials and processing, and biotechnology.

Atmospheric Sciences

The Atmospheric Sciences Program supports research to add new understanding of the behavior of Earth's atmosphere and its interactions with the sun. Included are

Studies of the physics, chemistry, and dynamics of Earth's upper and lower atmosphere and its space environment;
Research on climate processes and variations; and
Studies to understand the natural global cycles of gases and particles in Earth's atmosphere.

NSF also provides support to operate the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Upper Atmospheric Facilities (UAF), and Lower Atmospheric Facilities (LAF).

NCAR scientists conduct research in atmospheric and related sciences and work with universities and other organizations to coordinate large-scale atmospheric research projects. In addition, NCAR and certain universities operate major aircraft, computers, and other observing and sensing facilities for use by university and NCAR research scientists.

UAF consists of four large incoherent-scatter radar facilities located along a longitudinal chain from Greenland to Peru. They allow scientists to investigate both local and global upper atmospheric problems.

LAF consists of a university-based instrumented research aircraft and a ground-based Doppler radar. These facilities are multiuser national research facilities and offer educational opportunities as well as serve the observational needs of the atmospheric science research community.

Finally, NSF provides support for participation by the U.S. scientific community in scientific research endeavors, such as the international World Climate Research Program and the U.S. Weather Research Program.

ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES PROJECT SUPPORT

The purpose of these programs is to continue to build a base of fundamental knowledge about the atmospheres of Earth, other planets, and the sun. Specific objectives include

Developing a scientific basis for understanding the dynamic and physical behavior of climate and weather on all scales, and the natural, global chemical cycles of gases and particles in Earth's atmosphere;
Improving our understanding of the composition, the energetics, and particularly the dynamics of the coupled upper atmospheric system; and
Improving our knowledge of the sun as it relates to the Earth's upper atmosphere and space environment.

Eligibility
Proposals may be submitted by academic institutions, nonacademic and nonprofit research organizations, profitmaking and private research organizations, and individuals. Occasionally, NSF sponsors efforts by other Government agencies, particularly for field programs.

Target Dates
Proposals may be submitted at any time during the year for all programs except for those involving the allocation of observational and computing facilities, and those proposals to the Climate Dynamics Program (which has established target dates). For science projects that plan to use lower atmospheric observing facilities and/or large amounts of computing resources (100 General Accounting Units or greater), a facilities request also is required. Science proposals are submitted to the appropriate program at the National Science Foundation using established procedures, and facility requests are sent to the manager of the facility or facilities. Procedures for requesting a facility are established by the providing institution. Target dates for submission of science proposals and facility requests are given below.

The target dates for science proposals related to facilities and/or computer use are December 15 and July 15.

Before submitting a request for facility support, institutions should seek advice from the Lower Atmospheric Facilities Manager at NSF. Contact the Division Director for the Scientific Computing Division at NCAR for questions on computing proposals. Target dates for submission of facility requests are August 15 and February 15. Computing requests have target dates of July 16 and January 5.

For the Climate Dynamics Program, target dates for proposal submission are May 1, August 1, and December 1. Review and processing of proposals normally take six months.

For More Information
For further information, contact the Division of Atmospheric Sciences, National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, Virginia 22230, (703) 306-1520.

Areas of Research

Aeronomy--Supports research on upper and middle atmosphere phenomena of ionization, recombination, chemical reaction, photoemission, and transport; the transport of energy, momentum, and mass in the mesosphere-thermosphere- ionosphere system (includes the processes involved and the coupling of this global system to the stratosphere below and magnetosphere above); and the plasma physics of phenomena manifested in the upper atmosphere- ionosphere system, including magnetospheric coupling efforts.
Atmospheric Chemistry--Supports research on the measurement and modeling of concentration and distribution of gases and aerosols in the lower and middle atmosphere; chemical reactions among atmospheric species; sources and sinks of important trace gases and aerosols; aqueous-phase atmospheric chemistry; transport of gases and aerosols throughout the atmosphere; and improved methods for measuring the concentrations of trace species and their fluxes into and out of the atmosphere.
Climate Dynamics--Supports research on processes that govern climate and the causes of climate variability and change; methods to predict climate variations and assess their impact on human activities; assembly and analysis of both paleoclimatic and modern climatic data; and development and use of climate models to diagnose and simulate climate and its variations.
Large-Scale Dynamic Meteorology--Supports basic research to improve the understanding and prediction of atmospheric motion on synoptic to planetary scales. Research topics include the general circulation, synoptic-scale weather phenomena, atmospheric predictability, and improved parameterization of physical processes and numerical methods for use in large- scale models.
Magnetospheric Physics--Supports research into the magnetized plasma envelope of the outer atmosphere. Research concerns include energization by the solar wind; the origin of geomagnetic storms and substorms; the population by solar and ionospheric sources; the origin of electric fields; the coupling among the magnetosphere, ionosphere, and atmosphere; and waves and instabilities in the natural plasma. Also supported are ground-based observational programs at high latitudes. Theory programs quite often include numerical simulations/modeling using nonlinear, three-dimensional plasma physics. The analysis of data from all sources, whether ground based or from spacecraft, is also supported.
Mesoscale Dynamic Meteorology--Supports research on all aspects of mesoscale meteorological phenomena. Sponsored research includes studies of morphological, thermodynamic, and kinematic structure of mesoscale systems; development of mesoscale systems and precipitation processes; and energy transfer between scales.
Physical Meteorology--Supports basic research devoted to the physics of the atmosphere, with special emphasis on cloud physics; atmospheric electricity; radiation; boundary layer and turbulence; and the initiation, growth, and propagation of gravity waves. The program also sponsors the development of new techniques and devices for atmospheric measurements.
Solar-Terrestrial--Supports research into processes by which energy in diverse forms is generated by the sun, transported to Earth, and ultimately deposited in the terrestrial environment. Major topics include helioseismology, the solar dynamo, the activity cycle, magnetic flux emergence, solar flares and activity, coronal mass ejections, solar wind heating, interactions with cosmic rays, and solar wind/magnetosphere boundary problems. Studies on terrestrial influences include solar spectral irradiance changes, solar "constant" changes and climatic impacts, C14 and sun/climate connections, solar activity and its effects on the terrestrial environment, and sun/weather variations on various time scales.

NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH

NSF supports the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), a focal point for research in that field. Located in Boulder, Colorado, NCAR has about 750 scientists and support personnel.

NCAR is managed under a cooperative agreement between the Foundation and the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), a nonprofit consortium of 61 North American universities with graduate programs in atmospheric sciences.

NCAR facilities serve the entire atmospheric sciences research community and part of the ocean sciences community and are available to university, NCAR, and other scientists. These facilities, which include a computing center equipped with large mainframes, provide supercomputer resources and services that emphasize facilities for the development and execution of large models and for the archiving and manipulation of large data sets. Information on other NCAR facilities is included in the Lower Atmospheric Facilities Section.

NCAR scientists conduct research on the atmospheric and ocean sciences and on solar astronomy, and collaborate in large research programs involving many institutions. Criteria for the selection of research programs include scientific merit, potential for progress, appropriateness for a national center, responsiveness to and fit with university activities, and relevance to society's needs.

NCAR research programs include fundamental research in the following areas: large-scale atmospheric and ocean dynamics contributing to an understanding of past and present climate processes and global change, including interactions with other environmental systems; global and regional atmospheric chemistry topics, including geochemical and biogeochemical cycles; the variable nature of the sun and the physics of the corona; the physics of clouds, thunderstorms, precipitation formation, and the interactions and effects on larger scale weather; and the examination of human society's impact on and response to global environmental change. In addition, NCAR provides fellowships for visiting scientists to conduct research and interact with NCAR scientists.

Eligibility
Facility and visiting scientist support is provided on a competitive basis to qualified scientists according to scientific merit, available facility time, and level of resources.

For More Information
For further information, contact the Director, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, Colorado 80307.

UPPER ATMOSPHERIC FACILITIES

NSF supports four large incoherent-scatter radar and optical facilities located along a longitudinal chain from Greenland to Peru. In response to a need for more understanding of global-scale thermospheric and ionospheric problems, these facilities have been upgraded and realigned into a chain extending from the polar cap to the magnetic equator.

The major goal of the Upper Atmospheric Facilities (UAF) Program is to promote basic research on the structure and dynamics of Earth's upper atmosphere.

The UAF Program supports the following:

The Sondrestrom Radar Facility--Located in Sondre Stromfjord, Greenland, is operated by SRI International under an NSF cooperative agreement. It allows observations of the polar cap, the cusp (a region of easy access for solar wind energy), and the northern part of the auroral oval.
The Millstone Hill Radar--Located near Boston, Massachusetts, is operated by MIT under an NSF cooperative agreement. It is located south of the auroral oval, in the region where significant mid-latitude phenomena are observed.
Observations of high-altitude regions from almost directly above the radar at Sondre Stromfjord to almost directly above the next radar in the chain at Arecibo, Puerto Rico, can be made there.
The Arecibo Observatory--Located in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, is operated under contract to the NSF by the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center (NAIC) of Cornell University. At Arecibo's latitude scientists have obtained evidence for particle precipitation into the atmosphere, composition changes in the atmosphere after magnetic storms, gravity waves propagating from the auroral region, and the penetration of magnetospheric electric fields.
The UAF Program also supports the high-frequency heating facility site near the Arecibo Observatory. This facility uses the ionosphere as a gigantic plasma physics laboratory, artificially injecting energy into the ionospheric medium to study plasma wave processes.
The Jicamarca Radio Observatory-- Located at the magnetic equator in Jicamarca, Peru, is owned by the Instituto Geofisico de Peru. NSF is the principal sponsor of the facility via a cooperative agreement with Cornell University, which provides a subcontract to the Instituto.<

Eligibility
UAF facilities are available on a competitive basis to all qualified scientists. Use is based on scientific merit of the proposed research, capabilities of the radars to carry out the proposed observations, and availability of the requested time.

For More Information
For further information, contact the following:

Director, Sondrestrom Radar Facility, Radio Physics Laboratory, SRI International, Menlo Park, California 94025.
Director, Millstone Hill Radar, MIT, Haystack Observatory, Westford, Massachusetts 01886.
Director, NAIC for Arecibo Observatory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853.
Jicamarca Radio Observatory Project, Department of Electrical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853.

LOWER ATMOSPHERIC FACILITIES

Through NCAR and several universities, NSF supports multiuser national research facilities that offer educational opportunities and serve the observational needs of the entire atmospheric science research community.

Specifically, the NSF supports the following: Aircraft: The NSF fleet consists of a four-engine Lockheed Electra (NCAR), a four-engine Lockheed EC-130Q Hercules (NCAR), a Beech King Air (University of Wyoming), and an armored T-28 (South Dakota School of Mines and Technology). Generally, these aircraft can be equipped with sensors to measure meteorological and chemical state parameters, including temperature, pressure, dew point, winds, and ozone. In addition, a variety of other instruments can be selected for a particular project, or, in many cases, users may supply their own specialized instrumentation.

Radars: One airborne X-band radar (NCAR) and three portable ground-based radars--a C- band (NCAR), a multiparameter S/X-band (NCAR), and an S-band (Colorado State University)--are available for atmospheric research. All are Dopplerized and can provide measurements of equivalent radar reflectivity factor, mean radial velocity, and spectrum width. NCAR's X-band airborne Doppler radar is a dual-beam, rapid conical-scanning multiple- frequency radar mounted on the Electra aircraft. The NCAR S/X-band radar and the CSU S-band radar can transmit horizontal and vertical polarization on a pulse-to-pulse basis to provide co-polar (ZDR and Phi-dp) data at 10 cm. The multiparameter radar at NCAR also operates at dual wavelengths and can provide depolarization data at 3 cm.

The Atmosphere-Surface Turbulent Exchange Research Facility (NCAR) is used in research on the structure of the atmospheric surface layer and provides measurements of surface fluxes of trace chemical species, water vapor, sensible heat, and momentum.

Two systems are available from NCAR for measurement of the vertical profile of temperature, moisture, pressure, and winds in the troposphere. The first is the surface, balloon-borne Cross-chain Loran Atmospheric Sounding System (CLASS), some types of which are mobile and operated from vehicles. The second is a dropwindsonde system, which may be launched from most of the LAF aircraft.

Eligibility
The Lower Atmospheric Facilities are available on a competitive basis to all qualified scientists. Use is based on scientific merit of the proposed research, capabilities of the facilities to carry out the proposed observations, and availability of the requested time.

For More Information
For further information, contact the following:

Division Director, Atmospheric Technology Division, NCAR, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, Colorado 80307-3000.
Facility Manager, Wyoming King Air, Department of Atmospheric Science, P.O. Box 3038, University Station, Laramie, Wyoming 82071.
Facility Manager, T-28, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701.
Facility Manager, CSU-CHILL Radar, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523.

Earth Sciences

EARTH SCIENCES PROJECT SUPPORT

These programs support proposals for research oriented toward an improved understanding of the structure, composition, and evolution of Earth and the processes governing the formation and behavior of Earth materials. The results of this research will serve as a basis for understanding Earth's changing environments and the natural distribution of its mineral, water, and energy resources, and provide methods for predicting and mitigating the effects of geologic hazards such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides. Support is available for two modes: Core Research Support and Special Emphasis Areas.

CORE RESEARCH SUPPORT

The Foundation supports the best research proposals received in any area of geology, geophysics, geochemistry, paleobiology, or hydrology, including interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary proposals that may involve one or more of these disciplines. Especially welcome are proposals for research in newly emerging areas of science that may not fit easily into one of these categories. For convenience in proposal evaluation, proposals received are assigned to one of the six individual research- grant programs listed below or, where appropriate, to Continental Dynamics or Instrumentation and Facilities. Titles of the programs indicate in general terms the subject matter covered by each, but these titles should be considered very broad and not necessarily restricted to the specified discipline of science.

Earth Sciences Individual Research Grant Programs include, but are not limited to,

Geology and Paleontology, (703) 306- 1551;
Tectonics, (703) 306-1552;
Petrology and Geochemistry, (703) 306- 1554;
Geophysics, (703) 306-1556;
Hydrologic Sciences, (703) 306-1549; and
Education and Human Resources, (703) 306-1557.

SPECIAL EMPHASIS AREAS

Within the Earth sciences, certain research areas may be selected for special emphasis. Frequently, these are related to national strategic research areas such as the United States Global Change Research Program and the National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program. They may also be selected on the basis of special scientific opportunities. Such areas of special emphasis are typically described in separate announcements and may involve special evaluation criteria in addition to the general Foundation requirements for scientific excellence.

Current special-emphasis areas (and their associated program announcements or announcements of research opportunity) include

Geologic Record of Global Change (NSF 92-77);
Continental Hydrologic Processes (NSF 92-77);
Fundamental Earthquake Studies (NSF 92-93);
Earth Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowships (NSF 93-93);
Research in Undergraduate Institutions (NSF 89-60);
Research Experiences for Undergraduates (NSF 93-112);
Research Planning Grants and Career Advancement Awards for Women Scientists and Engineers (NSF 93-130); and
Collaborative Research in Geosciences, Geography, and Mathematical Sciences (NSF 92-127).

Eligibility
Proposals will be accepted from colleges, universities, and other institutions in the United States with formal research programs in the Earth sciences.

Proposals may involve individual scientists or be a collaborated effort of associated researchers working on coordinated projects.

The annual deadlines for receipt of proposals are June 1 and December 1.

For More Information
For further information, contact the Division of Earth Sciences, National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, Virginia 22230, (703) 306-1550.

Continental Dynamics

This program supports multidisciplinary research that focuses on an improved understanding of the processes governing the origin, structure, composition, and dynamical evolution of the continents and continental building blocks. The program is particularly oriented toward projects whose scope and complexity require a cooperative or multi- institutional approach and multiyear planning and execution. It is intended that the program fund only relatively large projects that do not fit easily within Earth sciences project support and that have broad support of major sections of the Earth sciences community. The program also funds research as part of the interagency Continental Scientific Drilling and Exploration Program.

Eligibility
Proposals may be submitted by academic institutions and nonprofit research organizations.

Deadline
Preliminary proposals are due December 1; formal proposals are due June 1.

For More Information
For further information, contact the Division of Earth Sciences, National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, Virginia 22230, (703) 306-1559.

Instrumentation and Facilities

This program supports the acquisition or upgrade of equipment required for research, the development of new instrumentation and techniques that extend current research capabilities in the Earth sciences, the operation of multiuser regional or national facilities that provide access to complex and expensive instrument systems for a significant segment of the Earth sciences research community, and the funding of research technicians.

Eligibility
Proposals may be submitted by academic institutions and nonprofit research organizations.

Deadlines
The deadlines for receipt of proposals are June 1 and December 1.

For More Information For further information, contact the Division of Earth Sciences, National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, Virginia 22230, (703) 306-1558.

Ocean Sciences

This division supports research to improve understanding of the ocean and ocean basins. Research programs support individual scientists, small groups of cooperating scientists, and some large coordinated projects. The Division of Ocean Sciences also supports efforts to develop, acquire, and operate instruments and facilities needed to carry out these research programs.

OCEAN SCIENCES RESEARCH

These programs fund projects dealing with the disciplinary sciences of biological, geological, physical, and chemical processes in the ocean and ocean technology to advance ocean sciences and to facilitate application of this knowledge to meeting national needs.

The target dates for unsolicited proposals in calendar year 1995 are February 15 and August 15. In addition, there are frequent announcements of opportunities to participate in global change research programs.

Proposals requiring the use of the University- National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) ships (see "Oceanographic Centers and Facilities" below) must be submitted by the February 15 target date so that timely decisions can be made on ship support and schedules.

Areas of Research

Biological Oceanography--Supports research on ocean productivity; distribution, abundance, physiology, and life history of pelagic, coastal, and deep- sea marine organisms and their interactions with environments; structures of pelagic and benthic food chains; primary and secondary production; interactions between deep- sea biological processes and the ocean ecosystem; specialization of deep-sea organisms; ecology of the Great Lakes and factors regulating productivity; and marine biotechnology.
Chemical Oceanography--Supports research on physical and chemical properties of seawater, including kinetic and thermodynamic equilibria of chemical species and compounds in seawater; fluxes between seafloor sediments, their interstitial waters, and overlying seawater; fates of materials deposited on the sea floor; alterations and interactions of material moving through the ocean; interactions and interdependencies between chemical processes and marine organisms; air-sea exchanges of man-made and naturally mobilized chemicals; and chemical properties of the ocean surface.
Marine Geology and Geophysics-- Research funded includes structure of continental margins, oceanic rise systems, and deep-sea sedimentary basins; evolution of ocean basins; processes controlling exchanges of heat and chemical elements between seawater and oceanic rocks; tectonic and volcanic activity at mid-ocean ridges; chemical and mineralogic variations in marine sediments; deposition, erosion, and distribution of marine sediments; geologic and oceanographic processes controlling sedimentary systems; past oceanic circulation patterns and climates; evolution of microfossil groups; paleoenvironmental controls on fossil groups and sediment types; and interactions of continental and oceanic geologic processes.
Physical Oceanography--Supports research on description, analysis, and modeling of oceanic circulation and transport; effects of circulation on energy and momentum transport; physical circulation processes, eddy generation, and turbulent mixing on continental shelves; mixing processes and circulation in estuaries; wind-generated tides and surface and internal waves; small-scale transport processes such as diffusion, conduction and convection, and three- dimensional turbulence; and physical properties of seawater and circulation and mixing processes in lakes.
Ocean Technology and Interdisciplinary Coordination-Supports a wide range of multidisciplinary activities that broadly seek to develop, transfer, or apply instrumentation and technologies that will benefit research programs supported by NSF and enhance the conduct of basic ocean sciences research. Instrumentation and technology projects supported by this program must be broadly usable and be of benefit to more than a particular research project. The scope of projects varies from short-term feasibility studies to development, construction, and at-sea testing of a prototype to demonstrate that useful and applicable data are obtained. If ocean research is to be undertaken, joint consideration with the relevant research program may be undertaken for the instrument development phase of the project. In addition, the interdisciplinary coordination program area supports a limited number of research initiatives that cross the four basic ocean science subdisciplines (physics, chemistry, biology, and geology and geophysics).

Oceanographic Centers and Facilities

The National Science Foundation supports construction, conversion, acquisition, and operation of major shared-use oceanographic facilities. The University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) schedules these facilities and expeditionary programs.

This program supports expensive facilities necessary for NSF-funded research and training of oceanographers. Examples are ships, submersibles, large shipboard equipment, and shared-use instruments to collect and analyze data.

The Foundation encourages local contributions from non-Federal funds; however, there is no fixed requirement for institutional contributions.

Eligibility
Support for major oceanographic facilities is concentrated at institutions that have substantial research programs in oceanography in addition to supporting the research projects of other institutions. Before submitting a proposal for support under this program, institutions should seek advice from the Oceanographic Centers and Facilities Section. Specific instructions on how to submit proposals for ship operations, technicians, shipboard equipment, and oceanographic instrumentation are available.

Deadlines and Target Dates
Proposals for ship operations and technicians are due October 1 of each year. Proposals for shipboard equipment and oceanographic instrumentation are due September 1 of each year. Proposals requesting support for other activities may be submitted at any time.

For More Information
For further information, contact the Division of Ocean Sciences, Oceanographic Centers and Facilities Section, National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, Virginia 22230, (703) 306-1576.

Ocean Drilling Program

ODP activities are an international exploration of Earth's crust beneath the ocean revealing the composition, structure, and history of the submerged portion of Earth's surface. Ocean drilling involves logging and collecting geologic samples from the floor of the deep ocean basins through rotary coring and hydraulic piston coring. The logs and samples of the cores are made available to qualified scientists throughout the world for research projects.

ODP OPERATIONS

The drilling program has sampled sites in the North Atlantic Ocean, Norwegian Sea, Mediterranean Sea, southern and equatorial Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean off the west coast of South America, Weddell Sea off Antarctica, Indian Ocean, and western and equatorial Pacific Ocean.

The general contractor for the overall management and operation of the ODP is Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. (JOI), a consortium of major U.S. oceanographic institutions. Drilling operations are managed by Texas A&M University. Logging is managed by Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University.

U.S. SCIENCE SUPPORT

Support for participation and drilling-related research performed by U.S. scientists is provided by NSF. This support focuses on the following:

Investigations of potential drilling regions, especially by means of regional geophysical field studies;
The feasibility and initial development of downhole instruments and techniques; and
Downhole geophysical and geochemical experiments.

In addition, NSF will consider proposals for studies leading to long-range definition of future drilling objectives.

To be considered for support, proposed projects should be clearly relevant to the drilling plans of the international drilling community and focus on predrilling or drilling-concurrent activities. Postcruise studies should generally be submitted through other appropriate NSF programs such as Ocean Sciences, Earth Sciences, Polar Programs, etc.

Additional support for U.S. scientists may be obtained via the JOI U.S. Science Advisory Committee (USSAC). This NSF-sponsored program consists of the following elements:

Planning activities, such as workshops, to define concepts and develop problem- related drilling programs, including U.S. participation in Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES); and
Support for U.S. scientists participating on the drill ship and for necessary follow-up studies related to initial publication of drilling results.

In addition, requests for proposals may be issued for other surveys, regional and topical syntheses of existing data, and development of downhole tools and instrumentation as these tasks are identified.

For More Information
For further information, contact the Ocean Drilling Program, Oceanographic Centers and Facilities Section, Division of Ocean Sciences, National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, Virginia 22230, (703) 306-1581.

Proposals for drilling specific sites should be submitted to the JOIDES Planning Committee Chairman, c/o Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc., 1755 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Suite 800, Washington, D.C. 20036, (202) 232-3900.

Applications for scientific participation aboard ship should be submitted to the Manager of Science Operations, Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3469. Appropriate support may be provided by JOI-USSAC.

Send requests for data and samples of core material to the Curator, Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3469.

Information regarding logs and the logging program may be obtained from the Borehole Research Group, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, New York 10964.

Proposals for planning activities and workshops may be submitted to the JOI-USSAC Chairman, c/o Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc., 1755 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Suite 800, Washington, D.C. 20036.

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