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Section A.
Detailed Statistical Tables

Table Notes top

Classification of Reporting Units top

The basic reporting unit was the company, enterprise, or firm that included all establishments under common ownership or control. All research and development (R&D) expenditures and all scientists and engineers of each company were classified into a single standard industrial classification (SIC) code and size category.

Company Size Class top

Companies were categorized by their total number of domestic employees. The following are the six company size classes used in this report:

  1. Fewer than 500 employees
  2. 500 to 999 employees
  3. 1,000 to 4,999 employees
  4. 5,000 to 9,999 employees
  5. 10,000 to 24,999 employees
  6. 25,000 or more employees

Current and Constant Dollars top

Statistics in all tables are reported in current dollars. Constant dollars are also presented in the summary trend tables for 1995 (A-1, A-26, A-27, and A-28) and 1996 (A-1a, A-19a, A-20a, and A-21a). Gross domestic product (GDP) implicit price deflators were used to convert current to constant dollars.

Disclosure and Suppression of Statistics top

The Bureau of the Census conducts the survey under title 13 of the United States Code, which prohibits publication or release of data or statistics that may reveal information about individual companies. Therefore, the data in some of the table cells may have been deleted and replaced with "(D)." This occurs when a small number of companies account for a large percentage of the R&D funds or scientists and engineers in a particulardata cell. Although publication of certain cells may be withheld, the estimates in the cells are always included in totals. The tables most often affected by this rule are those that contain data on Federal support to companies for R&D performance.

Geographic Statistics top

The statistics cover only those operations located in the 50 States and the District of Columbia. Statistics on company-sponsored R&D performed outside the United States by foreign subsidiaries of U.S. domestic companies are included in 1995 tables A-11 and A-12, and in 1996 table A-11a, but are excluded from all other tables.

Imputation top

Missing data are imputed for some data items. Therefore, the statistics in some of the table cells may be accompanied by the notation "(S)," which indicates that the imputation rate-the percentage of the statistic not reported by respondents and consequently estimated-exceeds 50 percent for that item. In such cases the user should be aware that the estimate may be statistically unreliable. See tables B-4 and B-4a in section B for imputation rates for specific items.

Industry Classification top

One SIC code was assigned to each company. A single SIC code was assigned to multiestablishment companies based on the code that represented the most dominant aggregated activity for that firm in terms of total payroll. Statistics for the following industry groupings are published in this report (SIC codes are shown in parentheses[1]):

Food, kindred, and tobacco products (20,21)
Food and kindred products (20)
Tobacco products (21)
Textiles and apparel (22,23)
Textiles mill products (22)
Apparel (23)
Lumber, wood products, and furniture (24,25)
Lumber and wood products, except furniture (24)
Furniture and fixtures (25)
Paper and allied products (26)
Printing, publishing and allied industries (27)
Chemicals and allied products (28)
Industrial chemicals (281-82,286)
Drugs and medicines (283)
Other chemicals (284-85,287-89)
Petroleum refining and extraction (13,29)
Rubber products (30)
Leather and leather goods (31)
Stone, clay, and glass products (32)
Primary metals (33)
Ferrous metals and products (331-32,3398-99)
Nonferrous metals and products (333-36)
Fabricated metal products (34)
Machinery (35)
Office, computing, and accounting machines (357)
Other machinery, except electrical (351-56, 358-59)
Electrical equipment (36)
Radio and TV receiving equipment (365)
Communication equipment (366)
Electronic components (367)
Other electrical equipment (361-64,369)
Transportation equipment (37)
Motor vehicles and motor vehicles equipment (371)
Other transportation equipment (373-75,379)
Aircraft and missiles (372,376)[2]
Professional and scientific instruments (38)
Scientific and mechanical measuring instruments (381-82)
Optical, surgical, photographic, and other instruments (384-87)
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries (39)
Other manufacturing industries not elsewhere classified
Transportation and utilities (40-42,44-49)
Communications (48)
Telephone communications (481)
Other communications (482-484,489)
Electric, gas, and sanitary services (49)
Other transportation and utilities (40-42,44-47)
Trade (50-59)
Finance, insurance, and real estate (60-65,67)
Services (701,72,73,75-81,83,84,87,89)
Business services (73)
Computer and data processing services (737)
Other business services (731-736,738)
Health services (80)
Offices and clinics of medical doctors, hospitals, medical and dental labs (801,806,807)
Other health services (802-805,808-809)
Engineering and management services (87)
Engineering, architectural, and surveying (871)
Research, development and testing (873)
Other engineering and management services (872,874)
Other services (701,72,75-79,81,83,84,89)
Other nonmanufacturing industries-agricultural services, forestry, fishing, hunting and mining (07-12,14); and construction (15-17).

Percentages top

Percentages were calculated on the basis of thousands of dollars and may differ from those calculated using the rounded figures shown.

Rounding top

Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

List of Tables top

This is a comprehensive list of all tables in this publication. The list includes the 1995 and 1996 detailed statistical tables in section A and the technical tables in section B.

1995 Tables top

Table Total Funds for Research and Development
A-1 		Trends in industrial R&D performance, by source of funds, in current and constant dollars: 1953-95
A-2 Summary data for R&D-performing companies, by detailed industry and size of company: 1994-95
A-3 Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial R&D performance, by industry and size of company: 1985-95
A-4 Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial R&D performance, by industry and size of company: 1995
A-5 Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial R&D performance, by industry, size of company, and size of R&D program: 1995
A-6 Number of R&D-performing companies, by industry, size of company, and size of R&D program: 1995
Table Company and Other (Except Federal) Funds for Research and Development
A-7 Company and other (except Federal) funds for industrial R&D performance, by industry and size of company: 1985-95
A-8 Company and other (except Federal) funds for industrial R&D performance, by industry and size of company: 1995
A-9 Company-financed R&D contracted to outside organizations, by industry and size of company: 1991, 1993, 1994, and 1995
A-10 Number of R&D-performing companies contracting R&D performance to outside organizations and total number of R&D-performing companies, by industry and size of company: 1995
A-11 Company-financed R&D performed outside the United States by U.S. R&D-performing domestic companies and their foreign subsidiaries, by selected industry: 1985-95
A-12 Company-financed R&D performed outside the United States by U.S. R&D-performing domestic companies and their foreign subsidiaries, by country: 1995
Table Federal Funds for Research and Development
A-13 Federal funds for industrial R&D performance, by industry and size of company: 1985-95
A-14 Federal funds for industrial R&D performance, by industry and size of company: 1995
A-15 Federal funds for industrial R&D performance, by agency and selected industry in selected years: 1974-95
A-16 Number of R&D-performing companies reporting Federal R&D funds and total number of R&D-performing companies, by industry and size of company: 1995
A-17 Industry-administered federally funded R&D centers (FFRDC's)-funds by character of work, full-time-equivalent (FTE) R&D scientists and engineers, and total number of employees: 1986-95
Table R&D Funds by Size of Company and as a Percent of Net Sales
A-18 Number of R&D-performing companies in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries, by size of company: 1995
A-19 Concentration of total, Federal, and company and other R&D funds and net sales of R&D-performing companies, by size of R&D program: 1985-95
A-20 Domestic net sales of R&D-performing companies, by industry and size of company: 1994-95
A-21 Total (company, Federal, and other) R&D funds as a percent of net sales in R&D- performing companies, by industry and size of company: 1985-95
A-22 Company and other (except Federal) R&D funds as a percent of net sales in R&D- performing companies, by industry and size of company: 1985-95
A-23 Total (company, Federal, and other) R&D funds as a percent of net sales in R&D- performing companies, by industry and ranked by size of R&D program: 1995
A-24 Company and other (except Federal) R&D funds as a percent of net sales in R&D- performing companies, by industry and ranked by size of company-financed R&D program: 1995
A-25 Federal R&D funds as a percent of net sales in R&D-performing companies, by industry and ranked by size of federally financed R&D program: 1995
Table Funds for Basic Research, Applied Research, and Development
A-26 Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for performance of basic research, applied research, and development, in current and in constant dollars: 1953-95
A-27 Company and other (except Federal) funds for performance of basic research, applied research, and development, in current and in constant dollars: 1953-95
A-28 Federal funds for performance of basic research, applied research, and development, in current and in constant dollars: 1953-95
A-29 Funds for performance of basic research, applied research, and development, by industry and source of funds: 1993
A-30 Funds for performance of basic research, applied research, and development, by industry and source of funds: 1994
A-31 Funds for performance of basic research, applied research, and development, by industry and source of funds: 1995
A-32		 Number of companies conducting basic research and total number of R&D-performing companies, by industry and size of company: 1995
A-33 Funds for industrial applied R&D performance, by product field and source of funds: 1995
A-34 Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for applied R&D performance, by industry, size of company, and product field: 1995

A-35
Part 1
Part 2

 Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for applied R&D performance, by industry, size of company, and detailed product field: 1995
Table Energy and Pollution Abatement Research and Development
A-36 Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial energy R&D performance, by industry and size of company: 1985-95 and projected 1996
A-37 Company and other (except Federal) funds for industrial energy R&D performance, by selected industry: 1985-95 and projected 1996
A-38 Federal funds for industrial energy R&D performance, by selected industry: 1985-95 and projected 1996
A-39 Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial energy R&D performance, by primary energy source: 1985-95 and projected 1996
A-40 Company and other (except Federal) funds for industrial energy R&D performance, by primary energy source: 1985-95 and projected 1996
A-41 Federal funds for industrial energy R&D performance, by primary energy source: 1985-95 and projected 1996
A-42 Number of companies performing energy R&D and total number of R&D-performing companies, by industry and size of company: 1995
A-43 Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial pollution-abatement R&D performance, by industry and size of company: 1985-95 and projected 1996
A-44 Company and other (except Federal) funds for industrial pollution-abatement R&D performance, by selected industry: 1985-95 and projected 1996
A-45 Federal funds for industrial pollution-abatement R&D performance, by selected industry: 1985-95 and projected 1996
A-46 Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial pollution-abatement R&D performance, by type of pollution: 1985-95 and projected 1996
A-47 Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial pollution-abatement R&D performance, by type of pollution and source of funds: 1994-95 and projected 1996
Table Geographic Distribution and Distribution by Type of Cost
A-48		 Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial R&D performance in selected years by State: 1976-95
A-49 Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial R&D performance, by State and source of funds: 1995
A-50 Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial R&D performance, by industry and size of company, for the U.S. and top 10 R&D-performing States: 1995
A-51 Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial R&D performance, by industry, size of company, and type of cost: 1995
Table Employment
A-52		 Number of full-time-equivalent (FTE) R&D scientists and engineers in R&D- performing companies, by industry and size of company: 1985-96
A-53 Number of full-time-equivalent (FTE) R&D scientists and engineers in R&D-performing companies, by industry, size of company, and source of R&D funds: January 1996
A-54 Cost per R&D scientist or engineer in R&D-performing companies, by industry and size of company: 1985-95
A-55 Cost per R&D scientist or engineer in R&D-performing companies, by industry and size of company: 1995
A-56 Cost per R&D scientist or engineer in R&D-performing companies ranked by size of R&D program: 1985-95
A-57 Domestic employment of R&D-performing companies, by industry and size of company: 1994-95
A-58 R&D scientists and engineers per 1,000 employees in R&D-performing companies, by industry and size of company: 1985-95
A-59 R&D funds per employee in R&D-performing companies, by size of company: 1985-95
A-60 Concentration of total employment in R&D-performing companies ranked by size of R&D program: 1987-95

1996 Tables top

Table Total Funds for Research and Development
A-1a
Trends in industrial R&D performance, by source of funds, in current and constant dollars: 1953-96
A-2a Summary data for R&D-performing companies, by detailed industry and size of company: 1995-96
A-3a Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial R&D performance, by industry and size of company: 1986-96
A-4a
Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial R&D performance, by industry and size of company: 1996
A-5a Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial R&D performance, by industry, size of company, and size of R&D program: 1996
A-6a Number of R&D-performing companies, by industry, size of company, and size of R&D program: 1996
Table Company and Other (Except Federal) Funds for Research and Development
A-7a Company and other (except Federal) funds for industrial R&D performance, by industry and size of company: 1986-96
A-8a Company and other (except Federal) funds for industrial R&D performance, by industry and size of company: 1996
A-9a Company-financed R&D contracted to outside organizations by R&D-performing companies, by industry and size of company: 1991-96
A-10a Number of R&D-performing companies contracting R&D performance to outside organizations and total number of R&D-performing companies, by industry and size of company: 1996
A-11a
Company-financed R&D performed outside the United States by U.S. R&D-performing domestic companies and their foreign subsidiaries, by selected industry: 1986-96
Table Federal Funds for Research and Development
A-12a Federal funds for industrial R&D performance, by industry and size of company: 1986-96
A-13a Number of R&D-performing companies reporting Federal R&D funds and total number of R&D-performing companies, by industry and size of company: 1996
A-14a Industry-administered federally funded R&D centers (FFRDC's)-funds by character of work, full-time-equivalent (FTE) R&D scientists and engineers, and total number of employees: 1986-96
Table R&D Funds by Size of Company and as a Percent of Net Sales
A-15a Concentration of total, Federal, and company and other R&D funds and net sales of R&D-performing companies, by size of R&D program: 1986-96
A-16a Domestic net sales of R&D-performing companies, by industry and size of company: 1995-96
A-17a Total (company, Federal, and other) R&D funds as a percent of net sales in R&D-performing companies, by industry and size of company: 1986-96
A-18a
Company and other (except Federal) R&D funds as a percent of net sales in R&D-performing companies, by industry and size of company: 1986-96
Table Funds for Basic Research, Applied Research, and Development
A-19a Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for performance of basic research, applied research, and development, in current and in constant dollars: 1953-96
A-20a Company and other (except Federal) funds for performance of basic research, applied research, and development, in current and in constant dollars: 1953-96
A-21a Federal funds for performance of basic research, applied research, and development, in current and in constant dollars: 1953-96
A-22a Funds for performance of basic research, applied research, and development, by industry and source of funds: 1994
A-23a Funds for performance of basic research, applied research, and development, by industry and source of funds: 1995
A-24a Funds for performance of basic research, applied research, and development, by industry and source of funds: 1996
A-25a Number of companies conducting basic research and total number of R&D-performing companies, by industry and size of company: 1996
Table Employment
A-26a Number of full-time-equivalent (FTE) R&D scientists and engineers in R&D-performing companies, by industry and size of company: 1986-97
A-27a Cost per R&D scientist or engineer in R&D-performing companies, by industry and size of company: 1986-96
A-28a Cost per R&D scientist or engineer in R&D-performing companies, by industry and size of company: 1996
A-29a Domestic employment of R&D-performing companies, by industry and size of company: 1995-96
Table Total Funds for Research and Development by Sector
A-30a
Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial R&D performance and number of R&D-performing companies in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries, by size of company: 1996

Technical Tables top

Table  
B-1
Number of companies in the target population and selected for the sample, by industry: 1995
B-1a Number of companies in the target population and selected for the sample, by industry: 1996
B-2 Relative standard error of estimate (percentage) for selected items, by industry and size of company: 1995
B-2a
Relative standard error of estimate (percentage) for selected items, by industry and size of company: 1996
B-3 Unit response rates-percentage of companies that responded to survey, by industry: 1995
B-3a Unit response rates-percentage of companies that responded to survey, by industry: 1996
B-4 Imputation rates for selected items, by industry: 1995
B-4a Imputation rates for selected items, by industry: 1996
B-5 Item response rates-percentage of R&D-performing companies that responded to selected survey items: 1995
B-5a Item response rates-percentage of R&D-performing companies that responded to selected survey items: 1996
B-6 Funds for performance of basic research, applied research, and development, funds not distributed, and percent of funds not distributed, by industry and source of funds: 1993
B-7
Funds for performance of basic research, applied research, and development, funds not distributed, and percent of funds not distributed, by industry and source of funds: 1994
B-8 Funds for performance of basic research, applied research, development, funds not distributed, and percent of funds not distributed, by industry, size of company, and source of funds: 1995
B-9 Funds for performance of basic research, applied research, development, funds not distributed, and percent of funds not distributed, by industry, size of company, and source of funds: 1996

Footnotes

[1] When the 1995 and 1996 samples were drawn, the 1987 revision of the SIC system was in effect.

[2] Because of the close similarity of their R&D activities, companies primarily engaged in the manufacture of ordnance and accessories, including complete guided missiles, are grouped with companies primarily engaged in the manufacture of aircraft and parts.

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