TABLE B-15. R&D EXPENDITURES AT DOCTORATE-GRANTING INSTITUTIONS, BY SOURCE OF FUNDS, SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FIELD, AND CONTROL: FISCAL YEARS 1987, 1993 AND 1994 [DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS] __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | TOTAL | PUBLIC | PRIVATE SOURCE AND FIELD | | | ___________________________________ _________________________________ _____________________________ | | | | | | | | | | 1994 | 1993 | 1987 | 1994 | 1993 | 1987 | 1994 | 1993 | 1987 | | | | | | | | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | TOTAL.....................|20,624,144 |19,549,489 |11,991,669 |13,792,118 |13,068,940 |7,775,049|6,832,026|6,480,549|4,216,620 | | | | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | SOURCE OF FUNDS | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | FEDERAL GOVERNMENT..........|12,385,664 |11,720,188 | 7,249,458 | 7,428,445 | 6,986,467 |4,107,918|4,957,219|4,733,721|3,141,540 STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS.| 1,525,205 | 1,520,381 | 1,004,522 | 1,410,152 | 1,379,721 | 908,657| 115,053| 140,660| 95,865 INDUSTRY....................| 1,406,627 | 1,330,717 | 777,047 | 938,629 | 873,134 | 485,611| 467,998| 457,583| 291,436 INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS.........| 3,743,808 | 3,515,411 | 2,143,313 | 3,085,078 | 2,933,188 |1,781,730| 658,730| 582,223| 361,583 ALL OTHER SOURCES...........| 1,562,840 | 1,462,792 | 817,329 | 929,814 | 896,430 | 491,133| 633,026| 566,362| 326,196 | | | | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | FIELD | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | ENGINEERING, TOTAL..........| 3,270,398 | 3,090,828 | 1,872,914 | 2,220,919 | 2,062,048 |1,153,985|1,049,479|1,028,780| 718,929 | | | | | | | | | AERONAUTICAL AND | | | | | | | | | ASTRONAUTICAL...........| 214,504 | 201,203 | 106,994 | 123,398 | 119,418 | 51,894| 91,106| 81,785| 55,100 CHEMICAL.................| 274,323 | 265,654 | 147,077 | 186,608 | 178,152 | 90,999| 87,715| 87,502| 56,078 CIVIL....................| 382,100 | 356,249 | 187,709 | 315,899 | 289,696 | 143,205| 66,201| 66,553| 44,504 ELECTRICAL...............| 712,593 | 684,171 | 446,911 | 437,360 | 406,345 | 248,086| 275,233| 277,826| 198,825 MECHANICAL...............| 486,094 | 465,728 | 270,803 | 294,612 | 279,151 | 154,058| 191,482| 186,577| 116,745 METALLURGICAL AND | | | | | | | | | MATERIALS 1/............| 317,367 | 302,553 | -- | 244,671 | 224,497 | -- | 72,696| 78,056| -- OTHER, N.E.C. ...........| 883,417 | 815,270 | 713,420 | 618,371 | 564,789 | 465,743| 265,046| 250,481| 247,677 | | | | | | | | | ALL SCIENCES, TOTAL.........|17,353,746 |16,458,661 |10,118,755 |11,571,199 |11,006,892 |6,621,064|5,782,547|5,451,769|3,497,691 | | | | | | | | | PHYSICAL SCIENCES........| 2,102,894 | 2,059,431 | 1,367,102 | 1,363,550 | 1,332,910 | 814,037| 739,344| 726,521| 553,065 ASTRONOMY.............| 270,712 | 250,878 | 107,840 | 191,786 | 174,083 | 76,010| 78,926| 76,795| 31,830 CHEMISTRY.............| 720,866 | 699,883 | 496,741 | 486,443 | 473,922 | 317,543| 234,423| 225,961| 179,198 PHYSICS...............| 918,129 | 901,669 | 661,382 | 548,056 | 553,275 | 371,727| 370,073| 348,394| 289,655 OTHER, N.E.C. ........| 193,187 | 207,001 | 101,139 | 137,265 | 131,630 | 48,757| 55,922| 75,371| 52,382 | | | | | | | | | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES...| 1,343,556 | 1,257,911 | 809,465 | 1,051,220 | 976,641 | 610,591| 292,336| 281,270| 198,874 ATMOSPHERIC...........| 212,403 | 207,499 | 129,393 | 175,793 | 174,386 | 111,585| 36,610| 33,113| 17,808 EARTH SCIENCES........| 434,018 | 401,896 | 278,188 | 330,214 | 301,878 | 202,955| 103,804| 100,018| 75,233 OCEANOGRAPHY..........| 417,790 | 425,624 | 284,730 | 364,429 | 340,824 | 219,102| 53,361| 84,800| 65,628 OTHER, N.E.C. ........| 279,345 | 222,892 | 117,154 | 180,784 | 159,553 | 76,949| 98,561| 63,339| 40,205 | | | | | | | | | MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES....| 266,231 | 258,024 | 173,852 | 155,253 | 147,265 | 97,471| 110,978| 110,759| 76,381 | | | | | | | | | COMPUTER SCIENCES........| 644,728 | 594,737 | 365,471 | 319,055 | 283,027 | 161,728| 325,673| 311,710| 203,743 | | | | | | | | | LIFE SCIENCES............|11,352,536 |10,734,569 | 6,481,067 | 7,497,009 | 7,140,837 |4,252,560|3,855,527|3,593,732|2,228,507 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES.| 1,608,068 | 1,515,024 | 1,102,095 | 1,557,904 | 1,469,970 |1,062,674| 50,164| 45,054| 39,421 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES...| 3,659,241 | 3,476,364 | 2,119,997 | 2,303,139 | 2,199,689 |1,313,473|1,356,102|1,276,675| 806,524 MEDICAL SCIENCES......| 5,626,447 | 5,315,996 | 2,997,088 | 3,376,421 | 3,224,837 |1,705,910|2,250,026|2,091,159|1,291,178 OTHER, N.E.C. ........| 458,780 | 427,185 | 261,887 | 259,545 | 246,341 | 170,503| 199,235| 180,844| 91,384 | | | | | | | | | PSYCHOLOGY...............| 342,728 | 331,898 | 181,134 | 241,129 | 230,651 | 119,397| 101,599| 101,247| 61,737 | | | | | | | | | SOCIAL SCIENCES..........| 923,863 | 869,538 | 488,447 | 682,270 | 641,343 | 353,148| 241,593| 228,195| 135,299 ECONOMICS.............| 235,875 | 225,769 | 147,507 | 191,719 | 182,395 | 112,922| 44,156| 43,374| 34,585 POLITICAL SCIENCE.....| 160,498 | 148,395 | 79,623 | 93,513 | 86,199 | 49,202| 66,985| 62,196| 30,421 SOCIOLOGY.............| 188,651 | 176,418 | 90,987 | 139,552 | 129,919 | 56,255| 49,099| 46,499| 34,732 OTHER, N.E.C. ........| 338,839 | 318,956 | 170,330 | 257,486 | 242,830 | 134,769| 81,353| 76,126| 35,561 | | | | | | | | | OTHER SCIENCES, N.E.C. ..| 377,210 | 352,553 | 252,217 | 261,713 | 254,218 | 212,132| 115,497| 98,335| 40,085 | | | | | | | | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ DATA FOR METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING WERE NOT COLLECTED SEPARATELY PRIOR TO FISCAL YEAR 1990. NOTE: BECAUSE OF ROUNDING, FIGURES MAY NOT ADD TO THE TOTALS SHOWN. KEY: N.E.C. = NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED -- = NOT AVAILABLE SOURCE: NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION/SRS, SURVEY OF SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING EXPENDITURES AT UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES, FISCAL YEAR 1994