Chapter 1. Elementary and Secondary Education 

• The NAEP Trends Study
• Variation in Educational Achievement and College Attendance Rates of Asian and Hispanic 1988 8th Graders by Country of Origin
• Generational Status and Educational Outcomes Among Asian and Hispanic 1988 8th Graders
• How Comparisons Between 4th Graders in 1995 and 8th Graders in 1999 Are Made
• The NGA Perspective on Systemic, Standards-Based Reform
• Advanced Placement Test Results in Urban Schools
• States Band Together to Create a Market for Standards-Based Materials
• Employer and College Professor Perceptions of How Well Young People Are Prepared for Work and College
• High School Teachers Have a Generally Favorable Opinion of State Graduation Tests
• A Survey of Curriculum Use in Classrooms
• Calculators and Achievement
• Who Is Prepared for College?

Chapter 2. Higher Education in Science and Engineering 

• Carnegie Classification of Academic Institutions
• Role of Community Colleges in Expanding Supply of Information Technology Workers
• New Horizons in Science and Engineering Education
• Certificate Programs
• Freshman Norms Survey
• Retention and Graduation Rates
• Meeting the Challenge of Teacher Preparation
• Alternative Certification for K-12 Teachers
• Special New Programs
• Terminal Master's Degree Programs
• At Cross Purposes
• Definitions and Terminology
• Reverse Flow
• International Efforts in Doctoral Reform

Chapter 3. Science and Engineering Workforce 

• Who Is a Scientist or Engineer?
• Growth of the S&E Workforce
• Educational Distribution of S&E Workers
• Growth of Representation of Women, Minorities, and the Foreign Born in the S&E Workforce
• The NSB Task Force on National Workforce Policies for Science and Engineering
• Salary Differentials
• Are Information Technology Careers Difficult for Older Workers?
• High-Skill Migration to Japan
• Foreign Scientists and Engineers on Temporary Work Visas

Chapter 4. U.S. and International Research and Development: Funds and Alliances 

• Definitions of Research and Development
• The Federal Science and Technology Budget and Related Concepts
• National Science Board Study on Federal Research Resources: A Process for Setting Priorities
• Does Industry Underinvest in R&D?
• Major Federal Legislation Related to Cooperative R&D and Technology Transfer
• The Advanced Technology Program: 1990-2000 Trends
• Collaborative R&D Projects in Selected International Organizations
• The NSB Task Force on International Issues in Science and Engineering
• Purchasing Power Parities: Preferred Exchange Rates for Converting International R&D Data
• Choice of the "Right" R&D Taxonomy Is a Historical Concern
• Tracking R&D: Gap Between Performer- and Source-Reported Expenditures

Chapter 5. Academic Research and Development 

• Data Sources for Financial Resources for Academic R&D
• Comparisons of International Academic R&D Spending
• Composition of Institutional Academic R&D Funds
• Recent Developments on the Indirect Cost Front
• Congressional Earmarking to Universities and Colleges
• The NSB Task Force on S&E Infrastructure
• Interpreting Federal Support Data
• Data Sources for Article Outputs
• Trends in U.S. Scientific and Technical Articles
• The Growth of Referencing in Patents

Chapter 6. Industry, Technology, and the Global Marketplace 

• Top Patenting Corporations
• International Patent Families as a Basis for Comparison
• Patenting of Human DNA Sequences: A Recent Invention
• Patenting of Internet Business Methods in the United States, Japan, and Europe
• Business Incubators Nurture Future Entrepreneurs on U.S. Campuses

Chapter 7. Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Public Understanding 

• Leading News Stories of 2000
• Public Attitudes Toward Biotechnology
• Gallup Polls on Environmental Issues
• Few Scientists in Prime Time
• Public Perceptions of Chemistry, the Chemical Industry, and Chemists
• More Americans Turning to the Internet for News
• Internet Access an Indicator of Both Attitudes Toward and Knowledge of S&T

Chapter 8. Significance of Information Technology 

• Moore's Law
• Nanoscale Electronics
• Metcalfe's Law
• Wireless Networking
• Peer-to-Peer Applications
• The Internet and Productivity in the Automobile Industry
• The Internet and Productivity in the Personal Computer Industry
• Internet Voting
• Examples of Shared Databases
• Digital Libraries

National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics
Science and Engineering Indicators–2002
Arlington, VA (NSB 02-01) [April 2002]