| Table 4-18 |
| Academic R&D expenditures, by country
and source of funds: 1981, 1990, and 2000 |
| (Percent) |
| |
 |
| Country and source of funds |
1981 |
1990 |
2000 |
|
| Canada |
|
|
|
| Government |
78.8 |
75.0 |
59.9 |
| Other |
17.1 |
20.0 |
31.2 |
| Industry |
4.1 |
5.0 |
8.9 |
| France |
|
|
|
| Government |
97.7 |
92.9 |
91.5 |
| Other |
1.0 |
2.2 |
5.8 |
| Industry |
1.3 |
4.9 |
2.7 |
| Germany |
|
|
|
| Government |
98.2 |
92.1 |
85.9 |
| Other |
0.0 |
0.0 |
2.5 |
| Industry |
1.8 |
7.9 |
11.6 |
| Italya |
|
|
|
| Government |
96.2 |
96.7 |
94.4 |
| Other |
1.1 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
| Industry |
2.7 |
2.4 |
4.8 |
| Japan |
|
|
|
| Government |
57.8 |
51.2 |
50.2 |
| Other |
41.2 |
46.5 |
47.3 |
| Industry |
1.0 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
| United Kingdom |
|
|
|
| Government |
81.3 |
73.5 |
64.7 |
| Other |
15.9 |
18.9 |
28.2 |
| Industry |
2.8 |
7.6 |
7.1 |
| United States |
|
|
|
| Government |
74.1 |
66.9 |
65.0 |
| Other |
21.5 |
26.2 |
27.9 |
| Industry |
4.4 |
6.9 |
7.1 |
|
|
| |
aItalian data are for 1999.
SOURCES: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Science
and Technology Statistics database, 2003; and National Science Foundation,
Division of Science Resources Statistics, National Patterns of
R&D Resources (Arlington, VA, annual series). |
| |
| Science & Engineering Indicators
— 2004 |
|
Source Links:
Source data 
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