| Table 4-19 |
| Shares of academic R&D expenditures,
by country and S&E field: 1998 or 1999 |
| |
 |
| Field |
United
States |
Japan |
Germany |
Australia |
South
Korea |
Spain |
Sweden |
Russia |
|
| |
Billions of 1995 PPP dollars |
|
|
| Total academic R&D |
25.7 |
13.4 |
7.5 |
1.9 |
1.5 |
1.8 |
1.6 |
0.4 |
|
|
| |
Percent distribution |
|
|
| Total academic R&D |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| NS&E |
93.7 |
65.6 |
78.4 |
73.0 |
91.6 |
77.9 |
76.3 |
88.3 |
| Natural sciences |
41.8 |
11.4 |
29.2 |
27.5 |
18.5 |
39.4 |
21.0 |
59.0 |
| Engineering |
15.5 |
25.0 |
20.3 |
16.1 |
49.1 |
18.7 |
21.9 |
26.7 |
| Medical sciences |
29.1 |
24.6 |
24.7 |
22.8 |
17.0 |
14.2 |
27.4 |
1.7 |
| Agricultural sciences |
7.4 |
4.6 |
4.2 |
6.6 |
7.0 |
5.6 |
6.1 |
0.9 |
| Social sciences and humanities |
6.3 |
34.4 |
20.6 |
27.0 |
8.4 |
22.1 |
17.6 |
11.7 |
| Social sciences |
6.3 |
NA |
8.5 |
19.5 |
NA |
14.8 |
11.5 |
6.6 |
| Humanities |
NA |
NA |
12.1 |
7.6 |
NA |
7.3 |
6.1 |
5.1 |
| Academic NS&E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| NS&E |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
| Natural sciences |
44.6 |
17.3 |
37.3 |
37.7 |
20.2 |
50.6 |
27.5 |
66.8 |
| Engineering |
16.5 |
38.2 |
25.9 |
22.1 |
53.6 |
24.0 |
28.7 |
30.2 |
| Medical sciences |
31.0 |
37.5 |
31.5 |
31.2 |
18.5 |
18.2 |
35.9 |
1.9 |
| Agricultural sciences |
7.9 |
7.0 |
5.3 |
9.0 |
7.7 |
7.2 |
7.9 |
1.1 |
|
|
| |
NA detail not available but included
in totals
NS&E natural sciences and engineering
PPP purchasing power parity
NOTES: Percents may not sum to 100 because of rounding. Data for Australia,
South Korea, and Russia are for 1998; all other data are for 1999.
SOURCES: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Science
and Technology Statistics database, 2003; and Centre for Science Research
and Statistics, Russian Science and Technology at a Glance: 2000
(Moscow, 2001). |
| |
| Science & Engineering Indicators
— 2004 |
|
Source Links:
Source data 
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