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Table 8-9. Scientists and engineers as share of the workforce, by state: 1995, 1997, & 1999   Employed scientists and engineers Workforce Scientists and engineers in workforce (percent) State 1995 1997 1999 1995 1997 1999 1995 1997 1999 All states 10,093,900 10,551,600 10,935,300 125,091,085 129,540,407 133,397,374 8.07 8.15 8.20   Alabama 111,900 114,800 120,600 1,938,772 2,057,160 2,038,912 5.77 5.58 5.91   Alaska 26,500 27,200 24,000 280,829 289,735 298,577 9.44 9.39 8.04   Arizona 139,100 145,500 145,100 2,079,452 2,080,658 2,255,117 6.69 6.99 6.43   Arkansas 42,600 50,000 55,000 1,160,396 1,147,974 1,173,971 3.67 4.36 4.68   California 1,430,500 1,461,200 1,499,300 14,202,849 14,942,526 15,731,727 10.07 9.78 9.53   Colorado 230,100 246,000 264,000 2,000,022 2,080,012 2,198,147 11.50 11.83 12.01   Connecticut 191,400 192,000 196,100 1,616,855 1,634,771 1,654,455 11.84 11.74 11.85   Delaware 41,000 44,000 44,500 365,413 365,650 375,970 11.22 12.03 11.84   District of Columbia 180,200 169,000 177,100 258,833 237,189 263,158 69.62 71.25 67.30   Florida 378,100 391,200 403,800 6,474,776 6,780,081 7,076,924 5.84 5.77 5.71   Georgia 247,800 258,900 266,900 3,440,859 3,727,295 3,916,080 7.20 6.95 6.82   Hawaii 55,000 48,000 46,200 542,632 556,673 559,587 10.14 8.62 8.26   Idaho 39,300 43,500 42,100 568,138 600,465 617,393 6.92 7.24 6.82   Illinois 457,700 481,900 480,700 5,796,094 5,912,684 6,105,124 7.90 8.15 7.87   Indiana 161,200 171,700 184,000 2,980,499 2,978,607 2,982,597 5.41 5.76 6.17   Iowa 78,300 88,200 88,200 1,505,094 1,527,935 1,532,729 5.20 5.77 5.75   Kansas 109,400 112,000 117,200 1,278,543 1,326,289 1,391,523 8.56 8.44 8.42   Kentucky 89,500 90,700 86,600 1,760,990 1,812,779 1,878,686 5.08 5.00 4.61   Louisiana 99,900 93,700 94,500 1,818,362 1,889,133 1,947,655 5.49 4.96 4.85   Maine 45,600 49,900 52,900 603,231 625,790 642,471 7.56 7.97 8.23   Maryland 269,400 285,000 298,800 2,576,688 2,640,878 2,676,488 10.46 10.79 11.16   Massachusetts 413,900 430,300 445,900 2,994,372 3,130,763 3,179,102 13.82 13.74 14.03   Michigan 300,300 323,900 344,000 4,556,351 4,752,196 4,950,204 6.59 6.82 6.95   Minnesota 226,900 245,400 264,000 2,498,821 2,537,651 2,627,437 9.08 9.67 10.05   Mississippi 53,600 53,500 55,900 1,180,018 1,189,825 1,202,968 4.54 4.50 4.65   Missouri 160,000 169,300 181,100 2,697,866 2,768,598 2,745,464 5.93 6.12 6.60   Montana 29,200 33,000 33,400 411,306 430,261 449,361 7.10 7.67 7.43   Nebraska 56,400 62,400 63,900 874,357 881,901 885,755 6.45 7.08 7.21   Nevada 38,300 38,300 37,700 758,992 846,319 899,737 5.05 4.53 4.19   New Hampshire 50,000 56,900 61,500 608,088 625,386 649,969 8.22 9.10 9.46   New Jersey 374,500 379,000 386,400 3,803,748 3,976,900 4,012,218 9.85 9.53 9.63   New Mexico 67,500 67,100 70,800 741,426 763,254 763,609 9.10 8.79 9.27   New York 800,800 824,700 849,600 7,970,087 8,276,305 8,422,650 10.05 9.96 10.09   North Carolina 257,100 282,500 325,600 3,473,478 3,702,936 3,746,412 7.40 7.63 8.69   North Dakota 19,300 19,700 21,000 324,613 338,691 325,366 5.95 5.82 6.45   Ohio 352,500 387,400 384,400 5,318,880 5,452,225 5,507,825 6.63 7.11 6.98   Oklahoma 86,900 96,200 97,200 1,473,610 1,529,590 1,597,865 5.90 6.29 6.08   Oregon 124,700 135,400 142,700 1,572,628 1,626,986 1,660,724 7.93 8.32 8.59   Pennsylvania 427,800 443,200 457,200 5,494,532 5,666,669 5,713,423 7.79 7.82 8.00   Rhode Island 46,400 42,400 42,600 453,512 475,819 483,532 10.23 8.91 8.81   South Carolina 101,600 113,700 117,200 1,770,523 1,844,062 1,875,433 5.74 6.17 6.25   South Dakota 25,800 26,600 28,800 375,303 374,362 388,072 6.87 7.11 7.42   Tennessee 144,600 148,600 151,300 2,560,613 2,564,781 2,702,168 5.65 5.79 5.60   Texas 639,700 648,900 678,400 9,011,013 9,309,966 9,746,879 7.10 6.97 6.96   Utah 74,800 75,800 77,800 951,372 1,006,997 1,045,501 7.86 7.53 7.44   Vermont 33,000 31,600 33,200 305,277 314,053 325,585 10.81 10.06 10.20   Virginia 304,500 333,400 347,000 3,325,234 3,273,222 3,429,908 9.16 10.19 10.12   Washington 235,900 290,000 313,500 2,630,924 2,839,863 2,929,243 8.97 10.21 10.70   West Virginia 32,000 35,200 37,000 723,140 747,677 762,573 4.43 4.71 4.85   Wisconsin 168,600 172,300 176,400 2,738,522 2,840,345 2,801,777 6.16 6.07 6.30   Wyoming 22,800 20,500 22,200 243,152 238,520 249,323 9.38 8.59 8.90 Puerto Rico NA NA NA 1,074,411 1,131,925 1,148,959 NA NA NA NA not available NOTES: The state total for each year is the sum of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Scientists and engineers include people who were employed at time of survey who are included in one of the following groups: (1) have ever received a bachelor�s degree or higher in an S&E field or (2) have a non-S&E bachelor�s or higher degree and were in an S&E occupation at the time of the 1993 Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT) surveys. Because SESTAT survey sample designs do not include geography, reliability of estimates in some states may be poor because of small sample size. Workforce represents the employed component of the civilian labor force and is reported as annual data, not seasonally adjusted. SOURCES: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, SESTAT; and U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics.

National Science Board
National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics
Science and Engineering Indicators 2004
Arlington, VA (NSB 04-01) [May 2004]