▲ = score is higher than U.S. score; • = score is equivalent to U.S. score; ▼ = score is lower than the U.S. score; na = nonparticipation in assessment

OECD = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; PISA = Programme for International Student Assessment; TIMSS = Trends in International Mathematics and Science Survey

^aParticipated separately in TIMSS 2003 at both grade levels but jointly as United Kingdom (including Northern Ireland) in PISA 2003. However, England did not meet response rate standards for grade 8 in TIMSS 2003 or for United Kingdom in PISA 2003.

SOURCES: E. Scott, Comparing NAEP, TIMSS, and PISA in Mathematics and Science, U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, figure 2 (2004); data from OECD, PISA 2003; and International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement, TIMSS 2003. See appendix tables 1-9, 1-10, and 1-13.