Print this chapter (6.2MB)
Financial Research and Development Inputs
Quartiles | Findings | Description
Academic R&D per $1,000 of gross state product: 2003
Academic R&D per $1,000 of gross state product: 2003
Quartiles
Academic R&D per $1,000 of gross state product: 2003*
| 1st Quartile ($6.68–$4.51) |
2nd Quartile ($4.45–$3.64) |
3rd Quartile ($3.63–$2.92) |
4th Quartile ($2.70–$1.72) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iowa | Alabama | Arizona | Arkansas |
| Maryland | Alaska | Connecticut | Delaware |
| Massachusetts | California | Illinois | Florida |
| Mississippi | Colorado | Indiana | Idaho |
| Montana | District of Columbia | Kansas | Maine |
| Nebraska | Georgia | Kentucky | Minnesota |
| New Hampshire | Hawaii | Louisiana | Nevada |
| New Mexico | Michigan | Ohio | New Jersey |
| North Dakota | Missouri | Oklahoma | South Dakota |
| Pennsylvania | New York | South Carolina | Virginia |
| Rhode Island | North Carolina | Tennessee | West Virginia |
| Utah | Oregon | Texas | Wyoming |
| Vermont | Wisconsin | Washington | |
| SOURCES: National Science Foundation, Division
of Science Resources Statistics, Academic Research and Development Expenditures;
and U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Gross State
Product data. See |
|||
Findings
- Expenditures for research performed in academic institutions have doubled in a decade, rising from $19.4 billion in 1993 to $39.4 billion in 2003 (unadjusted for inflation).
- Academic research increased more rapidly than gross domestic product (GDP), causing the value of this indicator to increase from $3.01 to $3.60 per $1,000 of GDP.
- Most states showed increases in the value of this indicator over the past decade, although declines were observed in seven states.
- States ranking high on the intensity of academic research usually did not rank high on the intensity of industrial research.
Description
This indicator measures the extent of spending on academic research performed in a state relative to the size of the state’s economy. Academic research and development is more basic and less product oriented than R&D performed by industry. It can be a valuable basis for future economic development. High values for this indicator may reflect an academic R&D system that can compete for funding from federal, state, and industrial sources.
In this indicator, Maryland data exclude expenditures by the Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) at Johns Hopkins University. APL employs more than 3,000 people and supports the Department of Defense, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and other government agencies rather than focusing on academic research. Data for the value of gross state product and for R&D expenditures are shown in current dollars.
