- Front Matter
- Acronyms and Abbreviations
- About Science & Engineering Indicators
- Overview
- Chapters
- 1. Elementary and Secondary Education
- Highlights
- Student Learning in Mathematics and Science
- Standards and Student Coursetaking
- Mathematics and Science Teacher Quality
- Professional Development of Mathematics and Science Teachers
- Teacher Salaries, Working Conditions, and Job Satisfaction
- Transition to Higher Education
- Introduction
- Student Learning in Mathematics and Science
- Performance as Students Progress Through Elementary School
- Mathematics Performance as Students Progress Through High School
- Performance of 4th, 8th, and 12th Grade Students Since the 1990s
- International Comparisons of Mathematics and Science Performance
- Summary
- Standards and Student Coursetaking
- State Coursetaking and Curriculum Standards
- Course Completions by High School Students
- Summary
- Mathematics and Science Teacher Quality
- Preparation for Teaching
- Match Between Teacher Preparation and Assignment
- Teaching Experience
- Summary
- Professional Development of Mathematics and Science Teachers
- New Teacher Induction
- Ongoing Professional Development
- Teacher Assessment of Professional Development
- Teacher Priorities for Professional Development
- Summary
- Teacher Salaries, Working Conditions, and Job Satisfaction
- Teaching Vacancies in Mathematics and Science
- Teacher Salaries
- Teacher Perceptions of Working Conditions
- Job Satisfaction and Commitment to Teaching
- Summary
- Transition to Higher Education
- Completion of High School
- Enrollment in Postsecondary Education
- Summary
- Conclusion
- Coursetaking and Content Standards
- Coursetaking Trends
- Teacher Preparation and Qualifications
- Participation in Professional Development
- Teacher Supply, Salaries, Working Conditions, and Job Satisfaction
- High School Graduation Rates and Enrollment in Postsecondary Education
- Glossary
- References
- Sidebars
- 2. Higher Education in Science and Engineering
- Highlights
- Financing Higher Education
- Higher Education Faculty
- Higher Education Enrollments
- Higher Education Degrees
- Global S&E Education
- Introduction
- Chapter Overview
- Chapter Organization
- The U.S. Higher Education System
- Institutions Providing S&E Education
- U.S. Higher Education Faculty
- Trends in Undergraduate Education
- Financing Higher Education
- Higher Education Enrollment in the United States
- Overall Enrollment
- Undergraduate Enrollment in S&E
- Graduate Enrollment in S&E
- Persistence, Retention, and Attainment in Higher Education and in S&E
- Undergraduate Retention
- Graduate Retention
- U.S. Higher Education Degree Awards
- S&E Associate’s Degrees
- S&E Bachelor’s Degrees
- S&E Master’s Degrees
- S&E Doctoral Degrees
- Postdocs in U.S. Higher Education
- Global Trends in Higher Education in S&E
- Educational Attainment
- First University Degrees in S&E Fields
- Global Comparison of Participation Rates by Sex
- Global Comparison of S&E Doctoral Degrees
- Global Student Mobility
- Conclusion
- Glossary
- References
- Sidebars
- 3. Science and Engineering Labor Force
- Highlights
- Introduction
- Chapter Overview
- Chapter Organization
- U.S. S&E Labor Force Profile
- Section Overview
- How Large Is the U.S. S&E Workforce?
- S&E Workforce Growth
- Salary Changes as an Indicator of Labor Market Conditions
- Salaries Over a Person’s Working Life
- How Are People With an S&E Education Employed?
- S&E Employment From Occupational Employment Statistics Survey
- Annual Earnings From OES Data
- Metropolitan Areas
- S&E Occupation Density by Industry
- Employment Sectors
- Employer Size
- Educational Distribution of S&E Workers
- Salaries
- Women and Minorities in S&E
- Labor Market Conditions for Recent S&E Graduates
- General Labor Market Indicators for Recent Graduates
- Employment and Career Paths for Recent Bachelor’s and Master's Recipients
- Recent Doctoral Degree Recipients
- Postdoc Positions
- Age and Retirement
- Implications for S&E Workforce
- S&E Workforce Retirement Patterns
- Global S&E Labor Force and the United States
- Section Overview
- Counts of Global S&E Labor Force
- R&D Employment by Multinational Corporations
- Migration to the United States
- Conclusion
- Glossary
- References
- Sidebars
- 4. Research and Development: National Trends and International Linkages
- Highlights
- National R&D Trends
- Location of R&D Performance
- Business R&D
- Federal R&D
- Federal and State R&D Tax Credits
- International R&D Comparisons
- R&D by Multinational Corporations
- International Trade in R&D-Related Services
- Federal Technology Transfer
- Introduction
- Chapter Overview
- Chapter Organization
- National R&D Trends
- Performers of R&D
- R&D Funding
- R&D by Character of Work
- Location of R&D Performance
- Distribution of R&D Expenditures Among States
- Sector Distribution of R&D Performance by State
- Industrial R&D in Top States
- Business R&D
- Largest R&D Industries
- Federal R&D
- R&D by Federal Agency
- Federally Funded R&D by Performer
- Federal Research Funding by Field
- Federal R&D Budget by National Objective
- Federal and State R&D Tax Credits
- International R&D Comparisons
- Global R&D Expenditures
- OECD and G-7 R&D Expenditures
- Indicators of R&D Intensity
- International R&D by Performer and Source of Funds
- Industrial Sector
- Academic Sector
- Government R&D Priorities
- R&D by Multinational Corporations
- U.S. Affiliates of Foreign Companies
- U.S. MNCs and Their Overseas R&D
- Technology Linkages: Contract R&D, Trade in R&D Services, Business Alliances, and Federal Technology Transfer
- Contract R&D Expenses Within the United States
- International Trade in R&D Services
- Business Technology Alliances
- Federal Technology Transfer and S&T Programs
- Conclusion
- Glossary
- References
- Sidebars
- 5. Academic Research and Development
- Highlights
- Financial Resources for Academic R&D
- Doctoral Scientists and Engineers in Academia
- Outputs of S&E Research: Articles and Patents
- Introduction
- Chapter Overview
- Chapter Organization
- Financial Resources for Academic R&D
- Academic R&D Within the National R&D Enterprise
- Major Funding Sources
- Expenditures by Field and Funding Source
- Federal Support of Academic R&D
- An Institutional Look at Academic R&D
- Academic R&D Equipment
- Academic R&D Infrastructure
- Doctoral Scientists and Engineers in Academia
- Trends in Academic Employment of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers
- The Aging Professoriate and Trends in Retirement
- Recent S&E Doctorate Holders
- Academic Researchers
- Government Support of Academic Doctoral Researchers
- Outputs of S&E Research: Articles and Patents
- S&E Article Output
- Coauthorship and Collaboration
- Trends in Output and Collaboration Among U.S. Sectors
- Trends in Citation of S&E Articles
- Academic Patents, Licenses, Royalties, and Startups
- Conclusion
- Glossary
- References
- Sidebars
- 6. Industry, Technology, and the Global Marketplace
- Highlights
- Key Economic Indicators of National Competitiveness
- U.S. Technology in the Global Marketplace
- U.S. Trade Balance in High-Technology Manufacturing and Technology Products
- U.S. Royalties and Fees Generated From Intellectual Property
- New High-Technology Exporters
- S&E Publications in Peer-Reviewed Journals
- Global Trends in Patenting
- U.S. High-Technology Small Businesses
- Introduction
- Chapter Overview
- Chapter Organization
- Key Economic Indicators of U.S. Competitiveness
- Trends in National Economic Growth, Standard of Living, and Labor Productivity
- Rising Competitiveness of China and India
- U.S. Technology in the Global Marketplace
- Global Trends in Market-Oriented Knowledge-Intensive Service Industries
- U.S. Global Position in Market-Oriented Knowledge-Intensive Service Industries
- U.S. Global Position in Other Services
- Importance of High-Technology Industries to Manufacturing
- U.S. Global Position in Medium-and Low-Technology Manufacturing Industries
- U.S. Exports of Manufacturing Industries
- Trade Balance of High-Technology Industries
- U.S. Trade Balance in Technology Products
- Importance of Advanced Technology Products to U.S. Trade
- Technologies Generating a Trade Surplus
- Technologies Generating a Trade Deficit
- Top Customers by Technology Area
- Top Suppliers by Technology Area
- U.S. Royalties and Fees Generated From Intellectual Property
- U.S. Royalties and Fees From All Transactions
- U.S. Royalties and Fees From U.S. Trade Between Unaffiliated Companies
- New High-Technology Exporters
- S&E Publications in Peer-Reviewed Journals
- Number of Articles
- Industry Collaboration in Publications
- Global Trends in Patenting
- Applications for Patents in the United States and Europe
- Patents Granted for Information and Communications Technology and Biotechnology
- Patenting of Valuable Inventions: Triadic Patent Families
- U.S. High-Technology Small Businesses
- Employment in High-Technology Small Businesses
- Formation of High-Technology Small Businesses
- Financing of High-Technology Small Businesses
- U.S. Angel Capital Investment
- U.S. Venture Capital Investment
- Conclusion
- Glossary
- References
- Sidebars
- 7. Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Understanding
- Highlights
- Information Sources, Interest, and Involvement
- Public Knowledge About S&T
- Public Attitudes About S&T in General
- Public Attitudes About Specific S&T Issues
- Introduction
- Chapter Overview
- Chapter Organization
- A Note About the Data
- Information Sources, Interest, and Involvement
- S&T Information Sources
- Public Interest in S&T
- Involvement
- Public Knowledge About S&T
- Understanding Scientific Terms and Concepts
- Understanding the Scientific Process
- Pseudoscience
- Public Attitudes About S&T in General
- Promise and Reservations
- Federal Funding of Scientific Research
- Confidence in the Science Community's Leadership
- Influence on Public Issues
- What Makes an Activity Scientific
- Views of S&E Occupations
- Public Attitudes About Specific S&T-Related Issues
- Environment and Climate Change
- Biotechnology and Its Medical Applications
- Genetically Modified Food
- Nanotechnology
- Stem Cell Research and Human Cloning
- S&T Education
- Conclusion
- Glossary
- References
- Sidebars
- 8. State Indicators
- Presentation Slides
- List of Figures
- List of Tables
- Appendix. Methodology and Statistics
- Index available in PDF format
(83K) - Volume 2 Appendix Tables
