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Science and Engineering Indicators: 2010
Contents
Overview
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Contents
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Front Matter
National Science Board
Letter of Transmittal
Acknowledgments
Cover Image
Recommended Citation
Contributors and Reviewers
Acronyms and Abbreviations
About Science & Engineering Indicators
SEI's Different Parts
Presentation
Overview
Introduction
A Bird's Eye View of the World's Changing S&T Picture
Global Expansion of Research and Development Expenditures
Overseas R&D by Multinational Companies
Global Higher Education and Workforce Trends
Expanding Global Researcher Pool
Research Outputs: Journal Articles and Patents
Expanding International Research Collaborations
New Research Patterns Reflected in World's Citations Base
Inventive Activity Shown by Patents
Fast-Rising Global Output of Knowledge- and Technology-Intensive Firms
Booming Global High-Technology Exports Rearranging World Trade Patterns
Big Shifts in World Trade Positions in High-Technology Products
Continued Surpluses From U.S. Trade in Knowledge-Intensive Services and Intangible Assets
Conclusion
Glossary
Chapters
1.
Elementary and Secondary Mathematics and Science Education
Highlights
Student Learning in Mathematics and Science
Teachers of Mathematics and Science
Instructional Technology in Education
Transition to Higher Education
Introduction
Student Learning in Mathematics and Science
Students' Performance on National Assessments
Students' Performance on International Assessments of Mathematics and Science
Teachers of Mathematics and Science
Teacher Quality
Professional Development
Teachers' Salaries
Working Conditions
Instructional Technology in Education
Technology as an Instructional Tool
Computer Use in Eighth Grade Mathematics and Science
Internet Access
Distance Education
Transition to Higher Education
High School Completion
Participation and Performance in the Advanced Placement Program
Relationship of High School Courses Taken to Postsecondary Success
Immediate Enrollment in Postsecondary Education
Conclusion
Glossary
References
Sidebars
2.
Higher Education in Science and Engineering
Highlights
Undergraduate Education, Enrollment, and Degrees
Graduate Education, Enrollment, and Degrees
Postdoctoral Education
International S&E Higher Education
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Chapter Organization
The U.S. Higher Education System
Institutions Providing S&E Education
Online and Distance Education
For-Profit Institutions
Cost of Higher Education
Undergraduate Education, Enrollment, and Degrees in the United States
Curricular Reform
Remedial Education
Undergraduate Enrollment in the United States
Undergraduate Degree Awards
Graduate Education, Enrollment, and Degrees in the United States
Graduate Enrollment in S&E
Financial Support for S&E Graduate Education
Interdisciplinary Education
S&E Master's Degrees
S&E Doctoral Degrees
Postdoctoral Education
Higher Education Expenditures
Educational Attainment
First University Degrees in S&E Fields
Global Comparison of S&E Doctoral Degrees
Global Student Mobility
International S&E Higher Education
Conclusion
Glossary
References
Sidebars
3.
Science and Engineering Labor Force
Highlights
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Chapter Organization
Scope of the S&E Workforce
Measures of the S&E Workforce
Size of the S&E Workforce
Growth of the S&E Workforce
Employment Patterns
Educational Distribution of Those in S&E Occupations
Employment in Non-S&E Occupations
Relationships Between Jobs and Degrees
Work-Related Training
Who Performs R&D?
Employment Sectors
S&E Occupation Density by Industry
Metropolitan Areas
Employer Size
Demographics
Age and Retirement
Women and Minorities in S&E
S&E Labor Market Conditions
Earnings
Earnings at Different Degree Levels
Unemployment in S&E Occupations
Recent S&E Graduates
General Labor Market Indicators for Recent Graduates
Recent Doctorate Recipients
Postdoc Positions
Global S&E Labor Force
Counts of Global S&E Labor Force
R&D Employment by Multinational Companies
Migration to the United States
Conclusion
Glossary
References
Sidebars
4.
Research and Development: National Trends and International Linkages
Highlights
Trends in National R&D Performance
Location of R&D Performance
Business R&D
Federal R&D
Federal R&D Tax Credit
International R&D Comparisons
R&D by Multinational Companies
Technology and Innovation Linkages
Introduction
Chapter Organization
Trends in National R&D Performance
Performers of R&D
Sources of R&D Funding
R&D by Character of Work
Location of R&D Performance
Distribution of R&D Expenditures Among States
Sector Distribution of R&D Performance by State
Business R&D in Top States
Business R&D
Largest R&D Industries
Federal R&D
R&D Funding in Current Federal Budget
Federal R&D Budget by National Objectives
Federal Spending on R&D by Agency
Federal Spending on R&D by Performer
Federal Spending on Research by Field
Federal R&D Tax Credits
International R&D Comparisons
Global Patterns of R&D Expenditures
Comparison of Country R&D Intensities
R&D by Performing Sector and Source of Funds
Business Sector
Academic Sector
Government R&D Priorities
R&D by Multinational Companies
U.S. Affiliates of Foreign Companies
U.S. MNCs and Their Overseas R&D
Technology and Innovation Linkages
Business-to-Business Linkages
Federal Technology Transfer and Other Innovation-Related Programs
Conclusion
Glossary
References
Sidebars
5.
Academic Research and Development
Highlights
Financial Resources for Academic R&D
Academic R&D Infrastructure
Doctoral Scientists and Engineers in Academia
Outputs of Academic S&E Research: Articles and Patents
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Chapter Organization
Financial Resources for Academic R&D
Academic R&D Within the National R&D Enterprise
Federal Support of Higher Education R&D
Other Sources of Funding
Expenditures by Field and Funding Source
Non-S&E R&D Expenditures
Academic R&D by Institution
Academic R&D Equipment
Academic R&D Infrastructure
Cyberinfrastructure: Networking
Bricks and Mortar
Doctoral Scientists and Engineers in Academia
Trends in Academic Employment of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers
Recent S&E Doctorate Holders
Government Support of Academic Doctoral Researchers
Collaborative Research
Outputs of S&E Research: Articles and Patents
S&E Article Output
Coauthorship and Collaboration
Trends in Output and Collaboration Among U.S. Sectors
Trends in Citation of S&E Articles
Academic Patents, Licenses, Royalties, and Startups
Patent-to-Literature Citations
Conclusion
Glossary
References
Sidebars
6.
Industry, Technology, and the Global Marketplace
Highlights
Knowledge- and Technology-Intensive Industries in the World Economy
Trends in Knowledge- and Technology-Intensive Industries
Information and Communications Services and Manufacturing
U.S. and Global Trade in Knowledge- and Technology-Intensive Goods and Services
U.S. Trade Positions
Foreign Direct Investment
Trade in Intangible Assets
Patents
Angel and Venture Capital Funding in the United States
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Chapter Organization
Data Sources, Definitions, and Methodology
Knowledge- and Technology-Intensive Industries in the World Economy
Worldwide Distribution of Knowledge- and Technology-Intensive Industries
Health and Education Services
Commercial Knowledge-Intensive Service Industries
High-Technology Manufacturing Industries
Information and Communications Technology Industries
Industries That Are Not Knowledge or Technology Intensive
Trade and Other Globalization Indicators
Trade of High-Technology Goods
U.S. Trade in Advanced Technology Products
Globalization of Knowledge-Intensive Service Industries
U.S. Multinationals in Knowledge- and Technology-Intensive Industries
U.S. and Foreign Direct Investment in Knowledge- and Technology-Intensive Industries
Innovation-Related Indicators of U.S. and Other Major Economies
U.S. Trade in Intangible Assets
U.S. Trade in Industrial Processes
Global Trends in Patenting
U.S. High-Technology Small Businesses
Innovation and Knowledge-Based Economic Growth
Conclusion
Glossary
References
Sidebars
7.
Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Understanding
Highlights
Information Sources, Interest, and Involvement
Public Knowledge About S&T
Public Attitudes About S&T in General
Public Attitudes About Specific S&T Issues
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Chapter Organization
A Note About the Data and the Terminology
Information Sources, Interest, and Involvement
S&T Information Sources
Public Interest in S&T
Involvement
Public Knowledge About S&T
Understanding Scientific Terms and Concepts
Reasoning and Understanding the Scientific Process
Understanding of Statistics and Charts
Pseudoscience
Public Attitudes About S&T in General
Promise and Reservations
Federal Funding of Scientific Research
Confidence in the Science Community's Leadership
Influence on Public Issues
What Makes an Activity Scientific
Views of S&E Occupations
Public Attitudes About Specific S&T-Related Issues
Environment and Climate Change
Nuclear Power
Biotechnology and Its Medical Applications
Genetically Modified Food
Nanotechnology
Stem Cell Research and Human Cloning
Science and Mathematics Education
Scientific Research on Animals
Conclusion
Glossary
References
Sidebars
8.
State Indicators
Introduction
Elementary and Secondary Education
Higher Education
Workforce
Financial Research and Development Inputs
Research and Development Outputs
Science and Technology in the Economy
State Data Tool
Appendix. Methodology and Statistics
Introduction
Selection of Data Sources
Data Sources
Data Accuracy
Statistical Testing for Data From Sample Surveys
Glossary
Presentation Slides
List of Figures
List of Tables
Appendix Tables
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