| Table 4-15 |
| Global R&D spending by top 25 corporations: 2006 |
| |
| |
R&D rank |
|
R&D expense
($millions) |
|
Sales
($millions) |
|
R&D/sales
ratio (%) |
| Company (country) |
2006 |
2005 |
|
2006 |
2005 |
Change
(%) |
|
2006 |
2005 |
Change
(%) |
|
2006 |
2005 |
| |
| Toyota Motor (Japan) |
1 |
4 |
|
7,486 |
6,829 |
9.6 |
|
201,254 |
176,789 |
13.8 |
|
3.7 |
3.9 |
| Pfizer (United States) |
2 |
2 |
|
7,423 |
7,442 |
–0.3 |
|
48,201 |
51,298 |
–6.0 |
|
15.4 |
14.5 |
| Ford Motor (United States) |
3 |
1 |
|
7,200 |
8,000 |
–10.0 |
|
160,123 |
176,896 |
–9.5 |
|
4.5 |
4.5 |
| Johnson & Johnson (United States) |
4 |
8 |
|
7,125 |
6,312 |
12.9 |
|
53,194 |
50,434 |
5.5 |
|
13.4 |
12.5 |
| Microsoft (United States) |
5 |
7 |
|
7,121 |
6,584 |
8.2 |
|
51,122 |
44,282 |
15.4 |
|
13.9 |
14.9 |
| DaimlerChrysler (Germany) |
6 |
3 |
|
7,007 |
7,425 |
–5.6 |
|
199,246 |
196,863 |
1.2 |
|
3.5 |
3.8 |
| GlaxoSmithKline (United Kingdom) |
7 |
9 |
|
6,611 |
6,108 |
8.2 |
|
45,263 |
42,213 |
7.2 |
|
14.6 |
14.5 |
| Siemens (Germany) |
8 |
5 |
|
6,604 |
6,776 |
–2.5 |
|
114,779 |
99,164 |
15.7 |
|
5.8 |
6.8 |
| General Motors (United States) |
9 |
6 |
|
6,600 |
6,700 |
–1.5 |
|
207,349 |
190,215 |
9.0 |
|
3.2 |
3.5 |
| Volkswagen (Germany) |
10 |
12 |
|
6,030 |
5,364 |
12.4 |
|
137,846 |
125,219 |
10.1 |
|
4.4 |
4.3 |
| Samsung Electronics (South Korea) |
11 |
10 |
|
5,943 |
5,765 |
3.1 |
|
91,038 |
85,927 |
5.9 |
|
6.5 |
6.7 |
| Intel (United States) |
12 |
14 |
|
5,873 |
5,145 |
14.1 |
|
35,382 |
38,826 |
–8.9 |
|
16.6 |
13.3 |
| Sanofi-Aventis (France) |
13 |
13 |
|
5,823 |
5,315 |
9.6 |
|
37,293 |
35,897 |
3.9 |
|
15.6 |
14.8 |
| International Business Machines (United States) |
14 |
11 |
|
5,682 |
5,378 |
5.7 |
|
91,424 |
91,134 |
0.3 |
|
6.2 |
5.9 |
| Roche Holding (Switzerland) |
15 |
17 |
|
5,359 |
4,640 |
15.5 |
|
34,192 |
28,882 |
18.4 |
|
15.7 |
16.1 |
| Novartis (Switzerland) |
16 |
18 |
|
5,349 |
4,514 |
18.5 |
|
36,031 |
32,212 |
11.9 |
|
14.8 |
14.0 |
| Nokia (Finland) |
17 |
15 |
|
5,122 |
5,008 |
2.3 |
|
54,049 |
44,940 |
20.3 |
|
9.5 |
11.1 |
| Matsushita Electric (Japan) |
18 |
16 |
|
4,858 |
4,746 |
2.4 |
|
76,543 |
74,746 |
2.4 |
|
6.3 |
6.3 |
| Honda Motor (Japan) |
19 |
20 |
|
4,638 |
4,289 |
8.1 |
|
93,174 |
83,264 |
11.9 |
|
5.0 |
5.2 |
| Sony (Japan) |
20 |
19 |
|
4,571 |
4,469 |
2.3 |
|
69,715 |
62,822 |
11.0 |
|
6.6 |
7.1 |
| Robert Bosch GmbH (Germany) |
21 |
21 |
|
4,401 |
4,039 |
9.0 |
|
57,418 |
54,496 |
5.4 |
|
7.7 |
7.4 |
| Motorola (United States) |
22 |
24 |
|
4,106 |
3,680 |
11.6 |
|
42,879 |
36,843 |
16.4 |
|
9.6 |
10.0 |
| Cisco Systems (United States) |
23 |
30 |
|
4,067 |
3,322 |
22.4 |
|
28,484 |
24,801 |
14.9 |
|
14.3 |
13.4 |
| Merck (United States) |
24 |
22 |
|
4,020 |
3,848 |
4.5 |
|
22,636 |
22,012 |
2.8 |
|
17.8 |
17.5 |
| Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (Sweden) |
25 |
25 |
|
3,990 |
3,494 |
14.2 |
|
25,403 |
21,693 |
17.1 |
|
15.7 |
16.1 |
|
| |
SOURCE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Spectrum Top 100 R&D Spenders, Standard & Poor's data (2006), http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/images/dec07/images/12.RDchart.pdf, accessed 5 May 2009.
Science and Engineering Indicators 2010 |
|