| Table 4-16 |
| Share of academic R&D expenditures, by country and S&E field: Most recent year |
| (Percent distribution) |
| |
| Field |
U.S.
(2007) |
Japan
(2006) |
Germany
(2002) |
Russia
(2007) |
Canada
(2005) |
Taiwan
(2006) |
Spain
(2006) |
Australia
(2006) |
Sweden
(2005) |
| |
Academic R&D expenditure
(PPP $billions) |
50.24 |
17.62 |
9.64 |
1.59 |
8.16 |
2.03 |
4.31 |
3.83 |
2.34 |
| Academic R&D |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
| NS&E |
91.2 |
67.4 |
78.8 |
81.4 |
80.3 |
86.3 |
63.1 |
74.0 |
78.9 |
| Natural sciences |
37.6 |
11.6 |
29.2 |
29.4 |
NA |
17.9 |
23.1 |
29.9 |
19.2 |
| Engineering |
15.0 |
24.5 |
20.3 |
46.8 |
NA |
40.9 |
23.4 |
11.7 |
22.8 |
| Medical sciences |
32.9 |
26.8 |
25.2 |
3.0 |
NA |
19.9 |
14.1 |
26.9 |
31.8 |
| Agricultural sciences |
5.8 |
4.6 |
4.1 |
2.2 |
NA |
7.6 |
2.5 |
5.4 |
5.1 |
| Social sciences and humanities |
6.7 |
32.6 |
20.7 |
18.6 |
19.7 |
13.7 |
36.9 |
26.0 |
19.5 |
| Social sciences |
6.5 |
NA |
8.4 |
13.5 |
NA |
10.8 |
22.3 |
20.5 |
13.1 |
| Humanities |
0.1 |
NA |
12.4 |
5.1 |
NA |
2.9 |
14.6 |
5.5 |
6.3 |
| Academic R&D nec |
2.1 |
NA |
0.4 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
1.6 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Academic NS&E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| NS&E |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
NA |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
| Natural sciences |
41.2 |
17.2 |
37.0 |
36.2 |
NA |
20.8 |
36.6 |
40.5 |
24.3 |
| Engineering |
16.4 |
36.3 |
25.8 |
57.5 |
NA |
47.4 |
37.2 |
15.8 |
28.9 |
| Medical sciences |
36.0 |
39.7 |
32.0 |
3.6 |
NA |
23.0 |
22.3 |
36.4 |
40.3 |
| Agricultural sciences |
6.3 |
6.8 |
5.2 |
2.7 |
NA |
8.9 |
3.9 |
7.3 |
6.5 |
| |
NA = not available
nec = not elsewhere classified; NS&E = natural sciences and engineering; PPP = purchasing power parity
NOTES: Data for following top 10 R&D-performing countries not available: China, France, South Korea, United Kingdom, and Italy. Additional countries included in top 15 of R&D-performance. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
SOURCES: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, Academic Research and Development Expenditures: FY 2007 (2009); and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), OECD.Stat database, accessed 6 March 2009.
Science and Engineering Indicators 2010 |
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