| Table 4-20 |
| Expenditures on R&D as share of gross domestic product for all R&D, nondefense R&D, and basic research, by selected country/economy: 2009 or most recent year |
| |
| Country/economy |
All R&D/GDP |
Nondefense R&D/GDP |
Fraction of all (%) |
Basic research R&D/GDP |
Fraction of all (%) |
| |
| United States (2009)a |
2.88 |
2.3 |
81 |
0.55 |
19 |
| China (2009) |
1.70 |
NA |
NA |
0.08 |
5 |
| Japan (2009) |
3.33 |
3.3 |
99 |
0.42 |
13 |
| Germany (2008) |
2.68 |
2.6 |
97 |
NA |
NA |
| France (2008) |
2.11 |
1.9 |
90 |
0.54 |
26 |
| South Korea (2008) |
3.36 |
3.2 |
95 |
0.54 |
16 |
| United Kingdom (2009) |
1.85 |
1.7 |
92 |
0.21 |
11 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Russian Federation (2009) |
1.24 |
NA |
NA |
0.25 |
20 |
| India (2007) |
0.76 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
| Italy (2009) |
1.27 |
1.3 |
102 |
0.33 |
26 |
| Canada (2009) |
1.92 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
| Brazil (2008) |
1.08 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
| Taiwan (2009) |
2.93 |
2.9 |
99 |
0.30 |
10 |
| Spain (2008) |
1.35 |
1.3 |
96 |
0.23 |
17 |
| |
NA = not available
GDP = gross domestic product
aFigures for United States in this table reflect international standards for calculating gross expenditures on R&D, which vary slightly from NSF protocol for tallying U.S. total R&D.
NOTES: Top 14 countries globally in annual gross expenditures on R&D. Year of data listed in parentheses.
SOURCE: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Main Science and Technology Indicators (2011/1). Data for Brazil and India from United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics, http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/ReportFolders/ReportFolders.aspx, table 26, accessed 13 July 2011.
Science and Engineering Indicators 2012 |
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