| Table 4-22 |
| Gross expenditures on R&D by funding source, by selected country/economy: 2009 or most recent year |
| (Percent) |
| |
| Country/economy |
Business |
Government |
Other domestic |
From abroad |
| |
| United States (2009)a |
59.7 |
31.3 |
7.2 |
1.9 |
| China (2009) |
71.7 |
23.4 |
NA |
1.3 |
| Japan (2009) |
75.3 |
17.7 |
6.6 |
0.4 |
| Germany (2008) |
67.3 |
28.4 |
0.3 |
4.0 |
| France (2008) |
50.7 |
38.9 |
2.3 |
8.0 |
| South Korea (2008) |
72.9 |
25.4 |
1.4 |
0.3 |
| United Kingdom (2009) |
44.5 |
32.6 |
6.3 |
16.6 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Russian Federation (2009) |
26.6 |
66.5 |
0.5 |
6.5 |
| India (2007) |
33.9 |
66.1 |
** |
NA |
| Italy (2008) |
45.2 |
42.9 |
4.1 |
7.8 |
| Canada (2009) |
47.6 |
33.4 |
12.1 |
6.9 |
| Brazil (2008) |
43.9 |
54.0 |
2.2 |
NA |
| Taiwan (2009) |
69.7 |
28.9 |
1.3 |
* |
| Spain (2008) |
45.0 |
45.6 |
3.8 |
5.7 |
| |
NA = not available; * = <0.05%.; ** = included in other funding sectors
aFigures for the United States in this table reflect international standards for calculating gross expenditures on R&D, which vary slightly from NSF protocol for tallying U.S. total R&D. Figures for funding from abroad based primarily on funding for business R&D.
NOTES: Top 14 R&D performing countries. Year of data listed in parentheses. Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding. For the United States, data on R&D funding from abroad are not separately identified and instead are included in sector totals. In most other countries, funding from abroad is a distinct and separate category.
SOURCES: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Main Science and Technology Indicators (2011/1). Data for Brazil and India from United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics, http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/ReportFolders/ReportFolders.aspx, table 28, accessed 18 July 2011.
Science and Engineering Indicators 2012 |
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