Table 8-45
Business-performed R&D as a percentage of private-industry output, by state: 2000, 2004, and 2008
 
  Business-performed R&D ($millions)   Private-industry output ($millions)   Business-performed R&D/private-industry output (%)
State 2000 2004 2008   2000 2004 2008   2000 2004 2008
 
United States 192,197 201,131 267,373   8,736,085 10,360,070 12,513,954   2.20 1.94 2.14
Alabama 821 i 1,227 3,099   98,017 120,036 141,959   0.84 1.02 2.18
Alaska 48e 35e 69   20,604 27,762 40,851   0.23 0.13 0.17
Arizona 2,182 i 2,570 5,232   142,165 175,425 226,566   1.53 1.47 2.31
Arkansas 400 287 443   59,543 72,483 85,589   0.67 0.40 0.52
California 45,455 46,614 67,532   1,178,200 1,394,822 1,690,730   3.86 3.34 3.99
Colorado 3,143 4,008 4,019   152,673 176,819 223,771   2.06 2.27 1.80
Connecticut 4,132 i 7,177 10,518   149,857 171,687 202,965   2.76 4.18 5.18
Delaware 1,468 i 1,059 NA   37,496 46,886 53,116   3.92 2.26 NA
District of Columbia 196e 182e 571   38,028 51,268 65,387   0.52 0.35 0.87
Florida 3,773 i 3,486 4,178   422,803 546,699 656,807   0.89 0.64 0.64
Georgia 2,159 i 2,160 3,344   259,656 299,108 350,732   0.83 0.72 0.95
Hawaii 93e 131 269   32,634 40,639 51,153   0.28 0.32 0.53
Idaho 1,363 681 961   31,101 37,741 47,506   4.38 1.80 2.02
Illinois 8,393 i 8,554 8,900   430,158 490,751 575,417   1.95 1.74 1.55
Indiana 2,888 i 4,208 4,991   178,905 209,833 236,860   1.61 2.01 2.11
Iowa 762 963 1,509   82,694 103,266 119,473   0.92 0.93 1.26
Kansas 1,327 i 1,804 i 1,600   74,127 85,461 107,298   1.79 2.11 1.49
Kentucky 762 565 933   97,524 112,663 131,054   0.78 0.50 0.71
Louisiana 364e 311 411   114,856 150,660 191,186   0.32 0.21 0.21
Maine 255 213 308   31,480 38,279 42,842   0.81 0.56 0.72
Maryland 2,213 3,826 4,333   151,696 192,127 231,981   1.46 1.99 1.87
Massachusetts 10,857 11,819 15,028   249,074 283,069 332,816   4.36 4.18 4.52
Michigan 17,489 i 15,170 13,742   302,201 325,281 330,225   5.79 4.66 4.16
Minnesota 3,971 5,199 5,728   169,289 204,355 235,450   2.35 2.54 2.43
Mississippi 242e 160 252   54,551 63,966 79,700   0.44 0.25 0.32
Missouri 1,978 2,151 NA   160,270 184,238 211,133   1.23 1.17 NA
Montana 78e 70 148   17,880 23,201 30,161   0.44 0.30 0.49
Nebraska 335e 383 561   49,625 60,247 73,777   0.68 0.64 0.76
Nevada 433 417 677   68,368 90,497 118,834   0.63 0.46 0.57
New Hampshire 722 1,330 2,169   40,297 46,535 52,702   1.79 2.86 4.12
New Jersey 10,580 10,993 19,054   315,519 367,791 431,293   3.35 2.99 4.42
New Mexico 1,203 i 450 735   40,561 51,351 62,598   2.97 0.88 1.17
New York 11,622 8,793 11,455   691,330 795,998 991,767   1.68 1.10 1.16
North Carolina 4,535 4,565 6,246   246,974 284,688 346,083   1.84 1.60 1.80
North Dakota 83e 379 i 303   15,279 19,494 27,627   0.54 1.94 1.10
Ohio 6,245 5,516 7,405   341,648 382,095 417,814   1.83 1.44 1.77
Oklahoma 463 410 595   75,743 93,288 126,536   0.61 0.44 0.47
Oregon 1,533 3,057 4,074   98,912 119,455 153,690   1.55 2.56 2.65
Pennsylvania 8,473 8,005 9,735   357,944 416,222 491,213   2.37 1.92 1.98
Rhode Island 1,167 i 1,320 i 538   29,270 37,672 41,163   3.99 3.50 1.31
South Carolina 1,059 961 1,221   97,797 113,129 131,991   1.08 0.85 0.93
South Dakota 89e 72 133   20,827 26,707 33,859   0.43 0.27 0.39
Tennessee 1,644 1,630 1,608   158,028 190,752 218,374   1.04 0.85 0.74
Texas 10,048 10,992 16,166   651,993 805,767 1,071,943   1.54 1.36 1.51
Utah 1,063 1,089 1,945   59,897 70,844 97,181   1.77 1.54 2.00
Vermont 389 423 422   15,846 19,025 21,161   2.45 2.22 1.99
Virginia 2,683 4,006 6,142   216,942 271,629 329,458   1.24 1.47 1.86
Washington 8,235 i 8,840 i 13,876   197,965 221,032 286,249   4.16 4.00 4.85
West Virginia 329 202 334   34,494 40,074 48,549   0.95 0.50 0.69
Wisconsin 2,415 2,645 3,798   158,975 187,471 213,141   1.52 1.41 1.78
Wyoming 37e 23 63   14,369 19,782 34,223   0.26 0.12 0.18
                       
Puerto Rico NA NA NA   NA NA NA   NA NA NA
 

e = estimated, more than 50% of value is imputed due to raking of state data; i = more than 50% of value is imputed; NA = not available

NOTE: R&D expenditures reported in current dollars.

SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Industrial Research and Development (various years) and Business R&D and Innovation Survey; Bureau of Economic Analysis, Gross Domestic Product data.

Science and Engineering Indicators 2012
Source Data