Chapter 3: Science & Engineering Indicators 93
S&E Employment as a Proportion of the Labor Force
More nonacademic scientists and engineers are employed in the United States--3.5 million--than in any other major industrialized country. Japan ranks a distant second with 2.3 million nonacademic scientists
and engineers. (See appendix table 3-19.) Until recently, the United States also had the highest proportion of its labor force employed as scientists or
engineers--328 per 10,000 workers in 1986. More recent data, however, show the U.S. ratio at 298--below that for Sweden (522), Japan (380), and the United Kingdom (328).
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