S&T. See Science and technology (S&T)

Salaries

• average annual offers to doctoral candidates, text table 3-4
• beginning salary offers, reference 1, reference 2, appendix table 3-13
• doctoral scientists and engineers, reference 1, appendix table 3-10
• engineers, reference 1, reference 2, figure 3-10, appendix tables 3-8, 3-12
• S&E, reference 1, reference 2, figure 3-10, text table 3-1, appendix tables 3-8, 3-9, 3-12, 3-13

SBIR (Small Business Innovation Research) Program, reference 1, figure 4-22, appendix tables 4-23, 4-24

Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, figures 1-7, 1-8, 1-9, appendix tables 1-18, 1-19, 1-20, 1-21, 1-22, 1-23

Science

• academic doctoral researchers
  • by number of years since doctorate, reference 1, figure 5-10, text table 5-6, appendix table 5-17
  • reporting federal support, figure 5-12, appendix table 5-19
  • reporting multiple federal agency support, reference 1, figure 5-13, appendix table 5-20
• academic R&D expenditures, reference 1, figure 5-4, appendix table 5-7
• attitudes toward. See Public attitudes toward S&T
• average annual growth rates of employed doctoral scientists and engineers, figure 5-8, appendix table 5-14
• degrees, first, NS&E, by region, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, reference 4, appendix tables 2-1, 2-2, 2-3
• doctoral unemployment, underemployment, and employment rates, text table 3-3,
• employment rates, text table 3-1,
• expenditures for research equipment at academic institutions, reference 1, figure 5-7, appendix table 5-13
• federal obligations for research, figure 4-15, appendix tables 4-15, 4-16
• freshmen needing remedial work in, reference 1, figure 2-11, appendix tables 2-14, 2-15, 2-16
• internationally coauthored articles as a percentage of all articles, reference 1, figure 5-15, appendix table 5-24
• minorities as a proportion of doctoral S&E workforce, text table 3-5,
• number of institutions receiving federal R&D support, figure 5-5, appendix table 5-10
• precollege studies
  • calculator use and, reference 1, figure 1-16,
  • classroom activities, reference 1, figure 5-5
  • computer use and, reference 1, text table 1-10
  • highlights, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3
  • improvements in assessing achievement, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, reference 4
  • international comparisons of achievement, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, text table 1-6
  • NAEP trends, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, figure 1-3, appendix tables 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 1-6, 1-7, 1-8, 1-9, 1-10, 1-11, 1-12, 1-13, 1-14, 1-15, 1-16, 1-17
  • student attitudes toward, reference 1, reference 2, text table 1-5
  • student persistence in courses, reference 1,
  • student SME intentions, reference 1, reference 1, figure 1-6
  • trends in achievement by ethnicity, reference 1, reference 2, appendix tables 1-10, 1-11, 1-12, 1-13
  • trends in achievement by gender, reference 1, appendix tables 1-9, 1-10, 1-11, 1-12, 1-13
  • trends toward state frameworks and higher standards for student performance, reference 1
• public context of, reference 1
• understanding of. See Public understanding of science
• women as a proportion of doctoral S&E workforce, text table 3-5

• degrees
  • associate, reference 1, reference 2, figure 2-3, text table 2-5, appendix tables 2-17, 2-18
  • bachelors, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, reference 4, figure 2-3, figure 2-5, figure 2-13, text table 2-3, text table 2-6, appendix tables 2-5, 2-6, 2-19, 2-20, 2-21, 2-22
  • doctoral, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, figure 2-3, appendix tables 2-5, 2-6, 2-27, 2-28
  • first, by region, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, reference 4, figure 2-1, figure 2-2, text table 2-1, appendix tables 2-1, 2-2, 2-3
  • masters, reference 1, reference 2, figure 2-3, figure 2-6, text table 2-3, text table 2-7, appendix tables 2-5, 2-6, 2-25, 2-26
• improving minority participation in education, reference 1
• labor market conditions, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, reference 4, reference 5, reference 6, reference 7, reference 8, reference 9, figure 3-8, figure 3-9, appendix tables 3-7, 3-8, 3-12
• salaries, reference 1, reference 2, figure 3-10, appendix tables 3-8, 3-9, 3-12, 3-13
• underemployment, reference 1
• unemployment, reference 1, reference 2, appendix table 3-11
• workforce
  • employment of doctoral scientists and engineers, text table 3-3, reference 2, reference 3, figure 3-11, appendix tables 3-14, 3-15
  • federal employment, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, figure 3-4, appendix table 3-2
  • forecasting the job market, reference 1, text table 3-3
  • highlights, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, reference 4, reference 5, reference 6, reference 7, reference 8
  • immigrant scientists and engineers, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, figure 3-15, figure 3-16, text table 3-6, appendix table 3-18
  • industrial employment, figure 3-1, figure 3-2, reference 3, reference 4, reference 5, reference 6, reference 7, reference 8, reference 9, reference 10, reference 11, appendix table 3-1
  • international comparisons, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, reference 4, reference 5, figure 3-17, appendix tables 3-19, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22
  • labor market conditions, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, reference 4, reference 5, reference 6, reference 7, reference 8, figures 3-8, 3-9, 3-10, text tables 3-1, 3-2, appendix tables 3-7, 3-8, 3-12
  • manufacturing employment, figures 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, reference 4, reference 5, reference 6, appendix table 3-1
  • minorities in, reference 1, text table 3-5, figure 3-14, appendix table 3-17
  • nonmanufacturing employment, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, reference 4, appendix table 3-1
  • R&D employment by U.S. companies in other countries, reference 1, figure 3-6, appendix tables 3-5, 3-6
  • R&D employment in the U.S., reference 1, reference 2, figure 3-6, appendix tables 3-3, 3-4
  • salaries, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, appendix tables 3-8, 3-9, 3-12, 3-13
  • women in, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, reference 4, reference 5, figures 3-13, 3-14, appendix table 3-16

• attitudes toward. See Public attitudes toward S&T
• industry linkages for R&D
  • industry-government interactions, reference 1, reference 2, figure 4-21, reference 4, reference 5, reference 6, fiigure 4-24, appendix tables 4-3, 4-30, 4-31, 4-32, 4-33, 4-34
  • industry-industry partnerships, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, reference 4, reference 5, figure 4-27, appendix tables 4-40, 4-41, 4-42, 4-43, 4-44, 4-45, 4-46
  • industry-university partnerships, reference 1, figure 4-25
  • overview, reference 1, figure 4-21
• interest in and information about
  attentiveness to S&T issues, reference 1, figures 7-3, 7-5, appendix tables 7-7, 7-8
  • environmental interest and knowledge, reference 1, text table 7-3
  • five basic concepts for thinking about public attitudes and knowledge, reference 1
  • highlights, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, reference 4
  • informedness on S&T issues, reference 1, figure 7-4, reference 3, appendix tables 7-4, 7-5, 7-6
  • interest in S&T issues, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, reference 4, reference 5, figure 7-3, appendix tables 7-1, 7-2, 7-3, 7-4, 7-5
  • sources of information, reference 1, reference 2, figure 7-7, text table 7-1, appendix tables 7-9, 7-10, 7-11
• international markets for. See Global marketplace
• public context of, reference 1
• understanding of. See Public understanding of science

Scientific terms and concepts, understanding, of, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, figures 7-16, 7-17, appendix tables 7-21, 7-22

Scientists

• attachment rates, reference 1, text table 3-2
• attitudes toward the work of, reference 1, figure 7-10, appendix table 7-15
• doctoral
  • academic researchers by field, reference 1, appendix table 5-15
  • changes in the survey of doctorate recipients, reference 1
  • changing age structure of academic researchers, reference 1, appendix table 5-17
  • employment by sector, reference 1, figure 3-11, appendix table 3-14
  • federal support of academic researchers, reference 1, reference 2, figures 5-12, 5-13, appendix tables 5-19, 5-20
  • minorities in academic R&D, reference 1, text table 5-5, appendix table 5-16
  • in R&D, figure 3-6, appendix table 3-4
  • research participation, reference 1, appendix table 5-18
  • salaries, reference 1, appendix table 3-10
  • teaching and research as primary work responsibility, reference 1, figure 5-9, appendix table 5-15
  • trends for academic researchers, reference 1, appendix table 5-14
  • underemployment, text table 3-3, figure 3-11
  • unemployment, text table, figure 3-11
  • women in academic R&D, reference 1, text table 5-5, appendix tables 5-14, 5-16
• employment
  • by gender, figure 3-12 appendix table 3-16
  • defense-related, reference 1, figure 3-5, appendix table 3-10
  • federal, reference 1, figure 3-4, appendix table 3-2
  • full time, figure 3-8 appendix table 3-7
  • in-field, reference 1, text table 3-1,
  • manufacturing, reference 1, appendix table 3-1
  • nonmanufacturing, reference 1, appendix table 3-1
• immigrant
  • admitted to U.S. on permanent visas, figure 3-16, appendix table 3-18
  • from the former Soviet Union, text table 3-6,
  • in the S&E workforce, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, figure 3-15,appendix table 3-18
  • minority representation in S&E labor force, figure 3-14, appendix table 3-17
  • unemployment rates, figure 3-09, appendix table 3-11

Secondary mathematics. See Mathematics, precollege studies

Secondary science. See Science, precollege studies

Secondary students. See Students, precollege

Secondary teachers. See Teachers, precollege

Singapore

• competitiveness assessment, reference 1, reference 2, figure 6-27, appendix table 6-30
• NS&E first degrees awarded in, figure 2-21, appendix table 2-1
• R&D performed for affiliates of U.S. companies in, text table 4-6
• social sciences first degrees awarded in, figure 2-02, appendix table 2-2

Small Business Innovation Researach (SBIR) Program, reference 1, figure 4-22, appendix tables 4-23, 4-24

Small business R&D, reference 1, appendix tables 4-23, 4-24

Social sciences

• academic doctoral researchers
  • by number of years since doctorate, text table 5-6, appendix table 5-17
  • reporting federal support, figure 5-12, appendix table 5-19
  • reporting multiple federal agency support, reference 1, figure 5-13, appendix table 5-20
• academic R&D expenditures, reference 1, figure 5-4, appendix table 5-7
• average annual growth rates of employed doctoral scientists and engineers, figure 5-8, appendix table 5-14
• degrees
  • associate, text table 2-5, appendix table 2-18
  • bachelors, reference 1, reference 2, figure 2-5, text table 2-6, appendix tables 2-5, appendix tables 2-19
  • first, by region, figure 2-1, figure 2-2, appendix table 2-2
  • masters, figure 2-6, appendix table 2-5
• doctoral unemployment, underemployment, and employment rates, text table 3-3
• employment rates, text table 3-1
• expenditures for research equipment at academic institutions, reference 1, figure 5-7, appendix table 5-13
• foreign students in graduate programs, figure 2-16, appendix tables 2-24, 2-28
• graduate enrollments, figure 2-14, figure 2-15, appendix tables 2-23, 2-24
• graduate student financial support, figure 2-20, appendix table 2-33
• minorities
  • as a proportion of doctoral S&E workforce, text table 3-5
  • representation among freshmen, figure 2-9, appendix table 2-12
• number of institutions receiving federal R&D support, figure 5-5, appendix table 5-10
• as planned major of National Merit

• women as a proportion of doctoral S&E workforce, text table 3-5

• employed full time, figure 3-8, appendix table 3-7
• immigrant
  • admitted to U.S. on permanent visas, figure 3-16, appendix table 3-18
  • from the former Soviet Union, text table 3-6
• median annual salaries, figure 3-10, appendix table 3-12

Sociology, undergraduate instruction by type of faculty, text table 2-4, appendix table 2-7

South America, royalties and fees from exchange of industrial processes, figure 6-14, appendix table 6-7

South Korea

• competitiveness assessment, reference 1, reference 2, figure 6-27, appendix table 6-30
• GDP, figure 6-1, appendix tables 6-1, 6-2, 6-3
• NS&E first degrees awarded in, reference 1, figure 2-1, text table 2-2, appendix tables 2-1, 2-2, 2-3
• patents
  • awarded to nonresident inventors, figure 6-22, appendix table 6-21
  • genetic engineering, text table 6-7, text table 6-8, text table 6-9, appendix tables 6-24, 6-25
  • optical fibers, text table 6-10, text table 6-11, appendix tables 6-26, 6-27
  • robot technology, reference 1, text table 6-4, text table 6-5, text table 6-6, appendix tables 6-22, 6-23
  • U.S. patent classes most emphasized, reference 1, reference 2, figure 6-21, figure 6-22, text table 6-3, appendix table 6-20
• R&D facilities located in the U.S., reference 1, text table 4-8
• royalties and fees from exchange of industrial processes, figure 6-14, appendix table 6-7
• social sciences first degrees awarded in, figure 2-2, appendix table 2-2
• students in U.S. universities, reference 1, text table 2-8

• patents awarded to nonresident inventors, reference 1, figure 6-21/a>, figure 6-22, appendix tables 6-12, 6-21
• scientists and engineers from, text table 3-6

• internationally coauthored articles as a percentage of all articles, figure 5-15, reference 2, appendix table 5-24
• percentage change in U.S. share of world articles, figure 5-14, appendix table 5-21

• assessment of scientific research, figure 7-13, appendix tables 7-14, 7-15
• informedness on scientific issues, figure 7-4, appendix table 7-6
• interest in scientific issues, figure 7-3, appendix table 7-3
• NS&E first degrees awarded in, figure 2-1, appendix table 2-11
• scientific term and concept knowledge, figure 7-17, appendix table 7-22
• social sciences first degrees awarded in, figure 2-2, appendix table 2-2

Strategic technology alliances, international, reference 1, appendix table 4-42

Students

• foreign
  • Asian students in U.S. universities, reference 1
  • financial support, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, figure 2-19, figure 2-20, figure 2-21
  • stay rates, reference 1, reference 2, text table 2-8, figure 2-16, figure 2-17, figure 2-18
  • in U.S. doctoral programs, reference 1, figure 2-16, reference 3, reference 4, figures 2-17, 2-18, appendix tables 2-29, 2-30
• graduate
  • academic R&D participation, reference 1, figure 5-11, appendix table 5-18
  • average annual salary offers to doctoral candidates, reference 1
  • enrollments, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, reference 4, figures 2-14, 2-15, appendix tables 2-23, 2-24
  • financial support, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, reference 4, reference 5, reference 6, figures 2-19, 2-20, 2-21, appendix tables 2-32, 2-33, 2-34
  • highlights, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, reference 4, reference 5
• precollege
  • attitudes toward math and science, reference 1, reference 2, figure 1-6, text tables 1-4, 1-5
  • attitudes toward S&T, reference 1, appendix table 7-28
  • extracurricular activities, reference 1
  • highlights, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, reference 4, reference 5
  • international comparisons of math and science achievement, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, text table 1-6, figure 1-10
  • math achievement in 1992, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, reference 4, text table 1-1, appendix tables 1-14, 1-15, 1-16, 1-17
  • mentoring of, reference 1
  • NAEP trends, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, reference 4, reference 5, figures 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, appendix tables 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 1-6, 1-7, 1-8, 1-9, 1-10, 1-11, 1-12, 1-13, 1-14, 1-15, 1-16, 1-17
  • parental attitudes and support, reference 1
  • persistence in math and science courses, reference 1
  • SAT scores, reference 1, appendix tables 1-18, 1-19, 1-20, 1-21, 1-22, 1-23
  • scientific understanding, reference 1, appendix table 7-27
  • trends in achievement by ethnicity, reference 1, appendix tables 1-10, 1-11, 1-12, 1-13
  • trends in achievement by gender, reference 1, appendix tables 1-9, 1-10, 1-11, 1-12, 1-13
  • tutoring of, reference 1
  • understanding of science, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, figures 7-20, 7-21, appendix table 7-27
• undergraduate
  • enrollments, reference 1, reference 2, figure 2-8, appendix tables 2-8, 2-9, 2-10
  • financial support, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, appendix table 2-31
  • freshman characteristics, reference 1, reference 2, figure 2-11, appendix tables 2-11, 2-12, 2-13, 2-14, 2-15, 2-16
  • highlights, reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, reference 4, reference 5
  • instruction by type of faculty, reference 1, text table 2-4, figure 2-7, appendix table 2-7

Support. See Financial support

Sweden

• NS&E first degrees awarded in, figures 2-1, 2-2, appendix tables 2-1, 2-3
• social sciences first degrees awarded in, figure 2-2, appendix table 2-2

• R&D
  • facilities located in the U.S., text table 4-8
  • performed in the U.S. by affiliates of companies in, text table 4-7

• doctoral unemployment, underemployment, and employment rates, text table 3-3
• minorities as a proportion of doctoral S&E workforce, text table 3-5
• women as a proportion of doctoral S&E workforce, text table 3-5

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