Scientific understanding of the environment, together with an informed, scientifically literate citizenry, are requisite to improved quality of life for generations to come. As the interdependencies of fundamental and applied environmental research become more evident, NSF should capitalize on the momentum gained in its past support for premium scholarship and emerging new research areas and technologies. The time is ripe to accelerate progress.

This report provides guidance at the policy level for NSF. The 2 overarching and 10 topical recommendations frame a timely agenda for the Foundation's research, education, and scientific assessment activities. Fleshing out the specific new agendas will require intense effort by NSF staff, close coordination and communication with sister agencies and the Office of Science and Technology Policy, and vigorous participation by the scientific community. The Board eagerly awaits the construction of this new portfolio.