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Table 22. Doctorate recipients, by subfield of study, citizenship status, ethnicity, and race: 2015

Subfield of study All doctorate recipientsa Temporary visa holders U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Total Hispanic or Latino Not Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity not reported
American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Black or African American White More than one race Other race or race not reported
All fields 55,006 16,155 35,117 2,451 130 3,072 2,281 25,407 905 249 622
Life sciences 12,520 3,262 8,484 632 22 922 452 6,045 240 55 116
Agricultural sciences and natural resources 1,439 558 774 52 1 49 29 605 18 7 13
Agricultural economics 102 53 37 2 0 5 2 27 0 0 1
Agronomy, horticulture science, plant breeding, plant pathology, plant sciences-other 326 136 177 12 1 13 8 133 4 3 3
Animal nutrition, poultry science 71 30 41 2 0 1 0 38 0 0 0
Animal sciences, other 90 35 46 5 0 1 1 37 1 0 1
Environmental science 183 54 112 12 0 8 8 76 2 3 3
Fishing and fisheries sciences and management 60 15 41 0 0 0 0 39 1 0 1
Food science, food technology-other 172 102 58 5 0 10 2 40 0 0 1
Forest biology, forest management, wood science, forestry sciences- other 112 39 50 2 0 3 3 40 1 0 1
Natural resources and conservation, wildlife and range management 119 28 85 1 0 4 1 74 3 0 2
Natural resource and environmental policy 57 11 46 3 0 1 1 37 3 1 0
Soil chemistry, soil sciences-other 71 28 42 5 0 1 1 33 2 0 0
Agricultural sciences, aggregated 76 27 39 3 0 2 2 31 1 0 0
Biological and biomedical sciences 8,801 2,261 6,043 481 12 731 224 4,297 190 38 70
Anatomy, developmental biology 212 62 147 18 0 21 5 98 4 0 1
Bacteriology, parasitology 53 9 44 6 0 1 2 35 0 0 0
Biochemistry (biological sciences) 749 251 465 31 1 55 11 333 21 8 5
Bioinformatics 175 61 89 3 0 19 2 61 4 0 0
Biomedical sciences 416 128 267 21 1 35 15 180 11 1 3
Biometrics and biostatistics 171 84 76 1 0 27 3 44 1 0 0
Biophysics (biological sciences) 181 61 117 11 2 12 2 84 3 1 2
Botany, plant pathology, plant physiology 135 57 71 11 0 6 0 50 1 0 3
Cancer biology 455 145 293 24 0 48 16 197 5 1 2
Cell, cellular biology, and histology 321 81 221 15 1 27 6 162 6 1 3
Computational biology 107 56 49 1 0 8 0 37 0 0 3
Ecology 455 52 388 25 2 10 4 331 12 0 4
Endocrinology, human/animal pathology 109 31 69 5 0 8 5 50 1 0 0
Entomology 110 34 71 5 0 4 1 55 1 1 4
Environmental toxicology, toxicology 140 21 111 7 0 13 3 86 2 0 0
Epidemiology 381 65 296 26 0 31 25 199 9 4 2
Evolutionary biology 209 42 167 14 0 15 1 128 8 1 0
Genetics-human/animal, plant genetics 415 113 280 21 0 32 8 203 9 2 5
Immunology 473 98 362 23 0 65 21 240 7 3 3
Microbiology 480 94 356 38 2 25 14 247 17 3 10
Molecular biology 631 188 399 40 0 50 21 270 11 2 5
Neurosciences, neurobiology 1,091 210 843 65 0 106 30 597 34 5 6
Nutrition sciences 186 53 118 11 0 13 1 88 3 1 1
Pharmacology, human and animal 243 59 158 10 1 24 13 108 0 2 0
Physiology, human and animal 210 37 161 8 1 16 7 123 5 0 1
Structural biology 64 20 41 3 0 9 2 26 1 0 0
Virology 164 39 122 12 0 15 2 84 9 0 0
Wildlife biology 47 3 44 1 0 0 0 43 0 0 0
Zoology 46 11 32 1 0 1 0 29 1 0 0
Biological and biomedical sciences, general 261 66 119 14 1 24 2 65 4 2 7
Biotechnology, biology/biomedical sciences-other 111 30 67 10 0 11 2 44 0 0 0
Health sciences 2,280 443 1,667 99 9 142 199 1,143 32 10 33
Environmental health, public health 518 67 428 34 3 45 88 241 5 3 9
Health and behavior 126 15 107 11 1 6 24 65 0 0 0
Health systems administration 70 16 50 1 0 6 8 33 1 0 1
Kinesiology, exercise science 264 56 180 6 2 7 10 152 2 1 0
Medical physics, radiological science 84 22 60 5 1 7 3 38 4 1 1
Nursing science 536 37 456 22 1 25 49 339 10 0 10
Pharmaceutical sciences 270 132 104 4 0 26 3 63 3 2 3
Rehabilitation, therapeutic services 87 15 68 3 0 3 5 55 0 1 1
Speech-language pathology and audiology 116 27 87 5 0 4 3 72 3 0 0
Health sciences, aggregated 209 56 127 8 1 13 6 85 4 2 8
Physical sciences and earth sciences 5,924 2,104 3,481 180 9 272 101 2,754 89 16 60
Chemistry 2,675 933 1,574 86 5 145 73 1,182 46 7 30
Analytical chemistry 389 147 239 15 1 24 13 171 11 1 3
Inorganic chemistry 354 112 238 13 1 19 10 185 8 0 2
Medicinal chemistry 79 29 44 5 0 5 4 28 1 0 1
Organic chemistry 627 221 395 22 0 39 16 295 14 2 7
Physical chemistry 368 122 245 8 1 19 10 194 5 2 6
Polymer chemistry 135 64 70 5 0 5 5 53 1 0 1
Theoretical chemistry 111 38 72 3 0 4 1 63 1 0 0
Chemistry, general 401 121 145 10 1 14 6 98 4 2 10
Chemistry, other 211 79 126 5 1 16 8 95 1 0 0
Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 1,057 307 704 43 2 24 13 589 16 2 15
Atmospheric science and meteorology 213 62 145 7 0 9 3 122 2 1 1
Atmospheric physics, meteorology 89 21 68 5 0 4 1 56 0 1 1
Atmospheric chemistry, atmospheric sciences-general, atmospheric sciences-other 124 41 77 2 0 5 2 66 2 0 0
Geological sciences 554 159 363 25 1 11 6 299 13 1 7
Geochemistry, mineralogy 115 26 88 7 1 3 1 74 1 0 1
Geology 135 30 98 8 0 4 2 80 3 0 1
Geomorphology, geological sciences-general, geological sciences-other 134 33 88 3 0 2 0 75 5 0 3
Geophysics and seismology 123 60 53 4 0 2 3 41 0 1 2
Paleontology, stratigraphy 47 10 36 3 0 0 0 29 4 0 0
Ocean and marine sciences 290 86 196 11 1 4 4 168 1 0 7
Marine biology and biological oceanography 85 12 72 8 0 1 1 62 0 0 0
Oceanography, chemical and physical 67 27 38 0 0 2 0 32 0 0 4
Ocean/marine sciences, aggregated 138 47 86 3 1 1 3 74 1 0 3
Physics and astronomy 2,192 864 1,203 51 2 103 15 983 27 7 15
Astronomy and astrophysics 269 68 190 9 0 11 2 161 6 0 1
Astronomy 86 18 59 4 0 3 1 47 3 0 1
Astrophysics 174 47 125 4 0 8 1 109 3 0 0
Astronomy and astrophysics, other 9 3 6 1 0 0 0 5 0 0 0
Physics 1,923 796 1,013 42 2 92 13 822 21 7 14
Acoustics, optics/photonics 235 96 135 3 1 14 3 109 3 1 1
Applied physics 145 52 81 3 0 12 4 58 1 1 2
Atomic physics, polymer physics 151 54 87 2 0 7 1 77 0 0 0
Biophysics (physics) 127 58 64 1 0 8 0 53 2 0 0
Condensed matter, low-temperature physics 439 240 195 11 0 17 4 155 5 1 2
Elementary particle physics 243 87 154 12 0 14 0 119 7 0 2
Nuclear physics 86 29 56 2 0 3 0 49 1 1 0
Plasma, high-temperature physics 88 22 65 2 0 3 0 56 2 1 1
Physics, general 284 101 108 4 0 8 1 88 0 2 5
Physics, other 125 57 68 2 1 6 0 58 0 0 1
Mathematics and computer sciences 3,825 1,924 1,661 75 1 204 53 1,215 35 19 59
Computer and information sciences 2,005 1,096 773 35 1 108 28 544 18 9 30
Computer science 1,661 952 603 27 0 87 15 433 13 9 19
Information science, systems 157 51 87 3 1 9 9 55 4 0 6
Computer and information sciences, general 117 75 40 3 0 9 1 27 0 0 0
Computer and information sciences, other 70 18 43 2 0 3 3 29 1 0 5
Mathematics and statistics 1,820 828 888 40 0 96 25 671 17 10 29
Algebra 146 47 98 6 0 2 0 85 3 0 2
Analysis and functional analysis 161 72 88 3 0 9 2 71 0 2 1
Applied mathematics, computing theory 461 231 216 13 0 17 7 164 3 1 11
Geometry, geometric analysis 108 48 59 0 0 6 1 44 5 3 0
Logic, topology/foundations 108 40 67 4 0 6 0 53 2 0 2
Number theory 88 29 59 2 0 7 1 47 0 1 1
Operations research, mathematics/statistics-general, mathematics/statistics-other 365 152 145 7 0 15 6 108 1 2 6
Statistics (mathematics) 383 209 156 5 0 34 8 99 3 1 6
Psychology and social sciences 9,095 1,625 6,698 499 31 439 536 4,819 194 59 121
Psychology 3,782 260 3,107 247 11 189 241 2,260 81 19 59
Behavioral analysis 63 3 57 2 0 1 4 47 3 0 0
Clinical psychology 1,179 33 1,044 100 3 59 72 742 30 11 27
Cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics 220 44 171 7 0 14 3 142 3 2 0
Counseling 419 22 357 30 2 19 37 253 11 1 4
Developmental and child psychology 190 15 163 11 0 21 14 107 3 2 5
Educational psychology (psychology) 60 9 30 3 0 0 10 17 0 0 0
Experimental psychology 143 18 114 8 1 4 3 92 4 0 2
Family psychology, human development and family studies 191 25 144 16 1 8 21 94 1 0 3
Health, medical psychology 101 3 93 11 0 4 10 64 4 0 0
Industrial and organizational psychology 221 14 171 16 1 10 14 121 6 1 2
Neuropsychology, physiological psychology 129 14 110 6 1 9 2 90 2 0 0
School psychology (psychology) 115 2 105 4 0 6 8 84 3 0 0
Social psychology 219 24 192 10 0 16 11 149 5 0 1
Psychology, general 292 16 155 15 1 11 11 101 1 2 13
Psychology, aggregated 240 18 201 8 1 7 21 157 5 0 2
Social sciences 5,313 1,365 3,591 252 20 250 295 2,559 113 40 62
Anthropology 493 69 397 38 4 25 17 288 13 8 4
Anthropology, cultural 317 53 258 25 3 21 15 176 12 4 2
Anthropology, general 100 10 69 7 0 3 0 52 1 4 2
Anthropology, physical and biological 76 6 70 6 1 1 2 60 0 0 0
Economics 1,256 607 552 34 2 73 15 396 15 4 13
Econometrics, economics 1,209 586 526 32 2 68 15 378 14 4 13
Natural resources and environmental economics (social sciences) 47 21 26 2 0 5 0 18 1 0 0
Political science and government 859 178 621 36 1 29 46 467 16 7 19
Sociology 745 101 598 50 1 33 53 426 25 4 6
Other social sciences 1,960 410 1,423 94 12 90 164 982 44 17 20
American, U.S. studies 130 6 116 11 2 7 16 70 7 2 1
Area, ethnic, cultural, and gender studies 115 20 79 12 3 12 19 25 5 1 2
Criminal justice and corrections 111 14 90 2 3 3 14 65 2 1 0
Criminology 105 8 95 4 0 0 7 78 5 1 0
Demography, gerontology, statistics, urban affairs, social sciences- general, social sciences-other 300 57 226 15 1 9 28 161 5 4 3
Geography 302 67 210 12 0 12 4 173 4 1 4
Health policy analysis 82 10 63 1 0 5 7 49 0 1 0
International relations, international affairs 104 26 65 4 0 7 8 43 1 1 1
Linguistics 288 97 176 17 1 12 4 131 8 1 2
Public policy analysis 295 52 233 9 1 14 50 143 6 4 6
Urban, city, community and regional planning 128 53 70 7 1 9 7 44 1 0 1
Engineering 9,897 5,122 4,223 294 7 649 165 2,869 108 31 100
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 361 132 216 12 0 12 9 169 8 1 5
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 1,129 349 725 51 3 160 20 449 26 5 11
Chemical engineering 1,002 461 488 27 2 73 9 351 8 5 13
Civil engineering 633 360 230 16 0 23 18 166 3 1 3
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering 2,004 1,243 632 43 0 137 28 383 18 4 19
Industrial and manufacturing engineering 244 161 65 6 0 8 5 40 3 3 0
Materials science engineering 874 450 382 32 0 58 12 260 10 2 8
Mechanical engineering 1,467 784 620 33 0 73 18 459 11 2 24
Other engineering 2,183 1,182 865 74 2 105 46 592 21 8 17
Computer engineering 412 265 109 7 0 20 5 75 2 0 0
Environmental, environmental health engineering 283 119 152 15 1 25 8 96 5 1 1
Nuclear engineering 130 41 87 4 0 5 1 67 3 1 6
Robotics 82 44 38 4 0 4 0 23 3 0 4
Structural engineering 125 71 54 5 0 5 3 40 1 0 0
Systems engineering 105 36 69 6 0 6 9 44 1 0 3
Other engineering, aggregated 1,046 606 356 33 1 40 20 247 6 6 3
Education 5,117 539 4,209 315 28 195 635 2,856 89 23 68
Education administration 922 35 798 44 7 20 198 493 16 4 16
Educational administration and supervision 169 7 144 7 1 8 39 76 3 1 9
Educational and human resource studies, development 68 10 57 4 0 3 15 31 3 0 1
Educational leadership 622 18 536 29 6 7 114 363 9 2 6
Urban education and leadership 63 0 61 4 0 2 30 23 1 1 0
Education research 2,783 327 2,282 189 16 116 308 1,574 50 12 17
Counseling education, counseling and guidance 294 18 253 26 0 7 54 160 5 0 1
Curriculum and instruction 589 78 460 40 1 27 56 318 12 4 2
Educational assessment, testing, measurement 65 13 49 4 0 5 4 35 1 0 0
Educational policy analysis 168 22 141 13 2 11 18 94 2 0 1
Educational psychology (education) 286 46 215 13 2 12 32 147 8 0 1
Educational statistics, research methods 92 24 63 4 0 4 3 48 2 1 1
Educational/instructional technology, media design 231 48 172 7 5 17 16 122 1 2 2
Higher education evaluation and research 522 25 474 41 4 19 80 310 11 4 5
International education 55 14 39 6 0 2 1 27 0 0 3
School psychology (education) 133 3 124 9 0 5 15 93 2 0 0
Social and philosophical foundations of education 90 8 77 14 0 3 9 48 2 0 1
Special education 258 28 215 12 2 4 20 172 4 1 0
Teacher education 155 13 132 6 0 8 20 97 0 0 1
Teaching fields 957 145 765 49 4 44 71 563 19 7 8
English as a second or foreign language 94 49 42 1 0 8 3 30 0 0 0
Health education 53 8 40 4 1 0 5 27 2 1 0
Literacy and reading education 123 3 110 6 0 3 11 85 2 1 2
Mathematics education 133 14 114 13 1 6 13 79 1 1 0
Music education 114 7 104 3 1 4 7 86 2 0 1
Physical education and coaching 36 7 29 0 0 2 2 22 1 1 1
Science education 123 18 103 4 1 7 12 72 5 1 1
Teaching fields, aggregated 281 39 223 18 0 14 18 162 6 2 3
Other education 300 19 232 27 1 7 38 129 4 0 26
Education, general 141 6 103 11 0 4 19 41 2 0 26
Other education, aggregated 159 13 129 16 1 3 19 88 2 0 0
Humanities and arts 5,600 713 4,480 364 25 197 139 3,536 110 36 73
Foreign languages and literature 656 151 463 123 1 15 9 299 11 3 2
French, Italian 177 40 127 5 0 2 4 113 2 1 0
Germanic language and literature 72 15 53 2 1 2 1 46 1 0 0
Latin American languages and literature 78 16 60 34 0 0 1 24 0 1 0
Spanish language and literature 187 39 134 73 0 1 2 54 2 1 1
Other aggregated languages 142 41 89 9 0 10 1 62 6 0 1
History 1,145 131 942 73 2 37 43 742 22 6 17
American history, United States and Canada 413 10 390 23 1 10 25 314 10 3 4
Asian history 89 31 55 1 0 15 0 34 5 0 0
European history 198 12 183 8 0 1 1 168 5 0 0
History, science and technology and society 72 17 53 3 0 1 0 45 1 0 3
Latin American history 63 13 49 22 0 1 1 24 1 0 0
Middle, Near East history 82 19 61 6 0 2 1 47 0 3 2
History, general 108 10 54 3 1 1 2 45 0 0 2
History, aggregated 120 19 97 7 0 6 13 65 0 0 6
Letters 1,590 122 1,360 71 9 60 29 1,128 32 8 23
American literature, United States and Canada 336 19 314 20 1 13 15 254 9 0 2
Classics 94 10 76 3 0 1 0 70 1 1 0
Comparative literature 167 24 135 16 0 11 3 97 5 1 2
English language 154 13 76 9 1 3 0 51 0 2 10
English literature, British and Commonwealth 412 32 377 15 1 15 4 335 5 0 2
Rhetoric and composition 240 10 220 3 2 7 4 191 6 4 3
Speech and rhetorical studies 42 3 34 3 0 1 1 27 0 0 2
Letters, aggregated 145 11 128 2 4 9 2 103 6 0 2
Other humanities and arts 2,209 309 1,715 97 13 85 58 1,367 45 19 31
Archaeology (humanities) 121 15 103 2 3 2 4 88 2 1 1
Art history, criticism, and conservation 272 37 220 13 1 18 0 177 9 0 2
Drama, theater arts 86 9 70 5 0 2 2 55 4 1 1
Film, cinema, video studies 67 14 52 4 0 5 2 35 5 1 0
Music 54 9 25 1 0 1 0 20 1 0 2
Musicology and ethnomusicology 148 24 116 6 1 6 6 89 3 5 0
Music performance 110 30 73 5 0 6 3 51 4 1 3
Music theory and composition 108 15 85 4 0 5 0 75 0 1 0
Philosophy, ethics 494 62 381 19 2 11 5 326 10 4 4
Religion/religious studies, Jewish/Judaic studies 340 35 283 14 3 12 12 225 3 2 12
Theology, religious education 172 18 129 7 0 8 7 99 1 3 4
Other humanities, aggregated 237 41 178 17 3 9 17 127 3 0 2
Otherb 3,028 866 1,881 92 7 194 200 1,313 40 10 25
Business management and administration 1,588 545 893 41 2 130 85 608 13 4 10
Accounting 194 55 136 2 0 22 5 100 5 1 1
Business administration and management 232 62 122 8 0 15 11 81 3 1 3
Finance 242 131 96 2 0 23 3 67 0 0 1
Human resources development 51 11 32 1 1 0 9 21 0 0 0
Management information systems, business statistics 101 46 55 2 1 11 4 35 1 0 1
Marketing management and research 183 68 109 5 0 25 3 75 1 0 0
Organizational behavior 190 30 146 9 0 10 25 99 3 0 0
Other aggregated business fields 395 142 197 12 0 24 25 130 0 2 4
Communication 668 137 480 22 1 27 36 375 9 2 8
Communication research 150 31 116 4 0 11 3 95 2 0 1
Mass communication, media studies 242 63 160 7 1 7 20 120 1 1 3
Communication, general 119 19 87 4 0 5 8 65 1 0 4
Communication, aggregated 157 24 117 7 0 4 5 95 5 1 0
Non-S&E fields not elsewhere classified 772 184 508 29 4 37 79 330 18 4 7
Architecture and environmental design 116 49 62 5 1 6 2 40 2 1 5
Family, consumer sciences and human sciences 47 9 33 6 0 4 5 18 0 0 0
Parks, sports, recreation, leisure and fitness 52 17 35 0 1 2 4 28 0 0 0
Public administration 122 26 84 2 0 4 19 55 3 0 1
Social work 308 36 243 16 2 14 41 157 11 1 1
Fields not elsewhere classified, aggregated 127 47 51 0 0 7 8 32 2 2 0
S&E = science and engineering.
a Includes 3,734 respondents who did not report citizenship.
b Non-science and engineering fields.
NOTE: See table A-5 in the technical notes for a listing of aggregated fields and their constituent fine fields.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates, 2015.