Table 35. Doctorate recipients’ primary source of financial support, by broad field of study, sex, citizenship status, ethnicity, and race: 2015
(Percent)
Broad field of study and primary source of support |
Totala |
Sex |
Citizenship status |
U.S. citizens and permanent residents |
Male |
Female |
U.S. citizen or permanent resident |
Temporary visa holder |
Hispanic or Latino |
Not Hispanic or Latino |
Ethnicity not reported |
American Indian or Alaska Native |
Asian |
Black or African American |
White |
More than one race |
Other race or race not reported |
All fields (number) |
48,461 |
26,161 |
22,300 |
33,077 |
15,098 |
2,298 |
118 |
2,956 |
2,109 |
24,306 |
879 |
214 |
197 |
Teaching assistantships |
20.7 |
20.8 |
20.6 |
19.8 |
22.5 |
17.7 |
16.9 |
18.0 |
11.6 |
21.1 |
17.9 |
19.2 |
17.3 |
Research assistantships or traineeships |
32.1 |
37.1 |
26.2 |
24.2 |
49.3 |
17.3 |
7.6 |
31.6 |
13.7 |
25.1 |
22.3 |
17.3 |
24.9 |
Fellowships or grants |
27.3 |
26.1 |
28.7 |
30.5 |
20.2 |
38.4 |
31.4 |
36.0 |
28.8 |
29.0 |
37.7 |
36.4 |
29.4 |
Own resources |
15.3 |
11.1 |
20.2 |
20.9 |
3.0 |
22.8 |
39.0 |
11.0 |
41.1 |
20.1 |
18.8 |
22.9 |
22.8 |
Employer |
3.1 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
4.3 |
0.5 |
3.6 |
5.1 |
3.1 |
4.6 |
4.5 |
3.2 |
3.7 |
5.1 |
Other |
1.6 |
1.9 |
1.2 |
0.2 |
4.5 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
Life sciences (number)b |
11,255 |
4,987 |
6,268 |
8,096 |
3,108 |
599 |
19 |
898 |
428 |
5,818 |
237 |
52 |
45 |
Teaching assistantships |
11.8 |
12.7 |
11.2 |
10.8 |
14.4 |
8.8 |
D |
9.1 |
6.5 |
11.7 |
D |
9.6 |
8.9 |
Research assistantships or traineeships |
33.5 |
36.1 |
31.4 |
27.5 |
49.1 |
19.9 |
D |
29.7 |
17.1 |
28.8 |
26.6 |
D |
40.0 |
Fellowships or grants |
40.3 |
40.3 |
40.4 |
45.1 |
27.9 |
53.9 |
36.8 |
51.1 |
42.5 |
43.2 |
53.2 |
55.8 |
31.1 |
Own resources |
9.7 |
6.7 |
12.1 |
12.6 |
2.1 |
13.5 |
26.3 |
7.0 |
30.6 |
12.2 |
9.3 |
9.6 |
20.0 |
Employer |
2.8 |
2.2 |
3.3 |
3.6 |
0.6 |
3.3 |
D |
2.8 |
3.3 |
3.9 |
D |
D |
0.0 |
Other |
1.8 |
2.1 |
1.6 |
0.2 |
5.9 |
0.5 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Physical sciences and earth sciences (number) |
5,301 |
3,527 |
1,774 |
3,320 |
1,951 |
171 |
9 |
263 |
95 |
2,664 |
87 |
13 |
18 |
Teaching assistantships |
23.4 |
23.6 |
22.9 |
20.5 |
28.1 |
19.3 |
0.0 |
26.2 |
25.3 |
19.8 |
25.3 |
15.4 |
22.2 |
Research assistantships or traineeships |
50.0 |
51.2 |
47.7 |
46.7 |
55.7 |
31.0 |
D |
49.8 |
D |
48.7 |
31.0 |
38.5 |
16.7 |
Fellowships or grants |
22.5 |
20.6 |
26.2 |
27.8 |
13.5 |
44.4 |
D |
20.2 |
D |
26.6 |
36.8 |
46.2 |
38.9 |
Own resources |
2.4 |
2.5 |
2.1 |
3.6 |
0.4 |
D |
D |
D |
D |
3.7 |
D |
0.0 |
D |
Employer |
0.9 |
1.0 |
0.6 |
1.4 |
0.1 |
D |
D |
D |
D |
1.2 |
D |
0.0 |
D |
Other |
0.9 |
1.1 |
0.5 |
0.1 |
2.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
* |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Mathematics and computer sciences (number) |
3,352 |
2,545 |
807 |
1,560 |
1,771 |
71 |
0 |
193 |
50 |
1,170 |
34 |
17 |
25 |
Teaching assistantships |
35.9 |
34.7 |
39.5 |
35.3 |
36.3 |
31.0 |
0.0 |
34.7 |
24.0 |
36.8 |
23.5 |
41.2 |
20.0 |
Research assistantships or traineeships |
38.1 |
40.4 |
31.1 |
28.7 |
46.4 |
14.1 |
0.0 |
36.8 |
D |
28.5 |
D |
17.6 |
40.0 |
Fellowships or grants |
16.8 |
15.9 |
19.6 |
21.4 |
12.9 |
35.2 |
0.0 |
14.0 |
34.0 |
20.9 |
35.3 |
29.4 |
16.0 |
Own resources |
5.2 |
5.1 |
5.5 |
9.9 |
1.1 |
D |
0.0 |
D |
22.0 |
9.0 |
D |
5.9 |
D |
Employer |
2.3 |
2.4 |
2.0 |
4.4 |
0.3 |
D |
0.0 |
D |
D |
4.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
D |
Other |
1.7 |
1.5 |
2.4 |
0.3 |
3.0 |
1.4 |
0.0 |
1.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
5.9 |
0.0 |
Psychology and social sciences (number) |
7,783 |
3,279 |
4,504 |
6,218 |
1,510 |
456 |
29 |
417 |
505 |
4,545 |
185 |
45 |
36 |
Teaching assistantships |
28.7 |
30.7 |
27.2 |
26.4 |
38.3 |
22.1 |
D |
30.9 |
D |
27.7 |
21.6 |
33.3 |
27.8 |
Research assistantships or traineeships |
17.4 |
16.0 |
18.5 |
17.1 |
18.7 |
13.6 |
D |
D |
10.9 |
18.5 |
16.2 |
6.7 |
11.1 |
Fellowships or grants |
26.3 |
29.3 |
24.0 |
25.1 |
30.9 |
30.7 |
44.8 |
31.7 |
23.8 |
23.8 |
27.6 |
24.4 |
36.1 |
Own resources |
24.7 |
20.0 |
28.1 |
29.1 |
6.6 |
32.5 |
27.6 |
20.4 |
46.1 |
27.4 |
34.6 |
35.6 |
22.2 |
Employer |
1.8 |
2.2 |
1.5 |
2.1 |
0.5 |
1.1 |
0.0 |
D |
D |
2.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
2.8 |
Other |
1.1 |
1.7 |
0.7 |
0.2 |
5.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Engineering (number) |
8,807 |
6,776 |
2,031 |
3,967 |
4,790 |
278 |
D |
631 |
152 |
2,748 |
105 |
D |
20 |
Teaching assistantships |
9.3 |
9.5 |
8.7 |
6.1 |
11.9 |
5.8 |
D |
7.8 |
D |
5.7 |
D |
7.4 |
5.0 |
Research assistantships or traineeships |
58.7 |
60.0 |
54.4 |
45.6 |
69.7 |
35.3 |
D |
51.0 |
30.9 |
46.3 |
43.8 |
D |
50.0 |
Fellowships or grants |
22.7 |
20.6 |
29.8 |
35.8 |
11.9 |
48.6 |
D |
30.1 |
45.4 |
34.9 |
43.8 |
D |
35.0 |
Own resources |
3.8 |
4.0 |
3.1 |
6.1 |
1.9 |
4.0 |
D |
6.0 |
D |
6.3 |
D |
3.7 |
5.0 |
Employer |
3.0 |
3.4 |
1.7 |
6.2 |
0.4 |
6.1 |
0.0 |
4.9 |
6.6 |
6.5 |
5.7 |
11.1 |
5.0 |
Other |
2.5 |
2.5 |
2.3 |
0.3 |
4.3 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.7 |
0.3 |
1.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Education (number) |
4,450 |
1,388 |
3,062 |
3,912 |
512 |
296 |
27 |
187 |
570 |
2,708 |
85 |
20 |
19 |
Teaching assistantships |
12.0 |
12.2 |
11.9 |
10.3 |
25.0 |
7.8 |
D |
14.4 |
5.3 |
11.2 |
D |
15.0 |
10.5 |
Research assistantships or traineeships |
16.0 |
14.8 |
16.6 |
14.0 |
30.9 |
14.9 |
D |
24.6 |
11.2 |
14.1 |
D |
5.0 |
0.0 |
Fellowships or grants |
13.0 |
11.9 |
13.5 |
12.3 |
18.9 |
17.6 |
D |
19.8 |
16.3 |
10.2 |
18.8 |
D |
10.5 |
Own resources |
46.8 |
46.6 |
46.9 |
51.2 |
13.9 |
52.4 |
66.7 |
32.1 |
58.8 |
50.9 |
40.0 |
60.0 |
57.9 |
Employer |
10.7 |
12.2 |
10.0 |
11.8 |
1.6 |
7.4 |
D |
8.0 |
8.1 |
13.4 |
10.6 |
D |
15.8 |
Other |
1.4 |
2.2 |
1.1 |
0.4 |
9.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1.1 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
5.3 |
Humanities and arts (number) |
4,920 |
2,417 |
2,503 |
4,248 |
645 |
343 |
22 |
187 |
136 |
3,399 |
109 |
30 |
22 |
Teaching assistantships |
41.0 |
40.3 |
41.6 |
41.7 |
36.4 |
41.7 |
40.9 |
38.5 |
26.5 |
43.0 |
34.9 |
16.7 |
27.3 |
Research assistantships or traineeships |
2.0 |
1.6 |
2.4 |
1.9 |
2.5 |
1.5 |
0.0 |
D |
D |
2.0 |
D |
3.3 |
0.0 |
Fellowships or grants |
34.4 |
34.3 |
34.5 |
31.9 |
50.5 |
32.7 |
D |
45.5 |
D |
30.5 |
37.6 |
43.3 |
36.4 |
Own resources |
20.5 |
20.9 |
20.2 |
22.7 |
5.9 |
22.2 |
D |
D |
30.9 |
22.7 |
21.1 |
36.7 |
31.8 |
Employer |
1.4 |
2.0 |
0.8 |
1.5 |
0.5 |
1.7 |
0.0 |
D |
D |
1.5 |
D |
0.0 |
4.5 |
Other |
0.7 |
0.9 |
0.5 |
0.2 |
4.2 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Other (number)c |
2,593 |
1,242 |
1,351 |
1,756 |
811 |
84 |
D |
180 |
173 |
1,254 |
37 |
D |
12 |
Teaching assistantships |
24.8 |
23.1 |
26.4 |
22.0 |
31.1 |
17.9 |
0.0 |
20.0 |
14.5 |
23.9 |
18.9 |
20.0 |
16.7 |
Research assistantships or traineeships |
19.2 |
19.1 |
19.4 |
16.4 |
25.6 |
8.3 |
0.0 |
15.0 |
2.9 |
18.9 |
13.5 |
30.0 |
33.3 |
Fellowships or grants |
23.9 |
26.7 |
21.5 |
21.5 |
28.7 |
23.8 |
D |
44.4 |
D |
18.2 |
18.9 |
D |
25.0 |
Own resources |
25.7 |
22.6 |
28.5 |
33.9 |
7.9 |
41.7 |
D |
17.2 |
56.6 |
32.6 |
D |
30.0 |
16.7 |
Employer |
4.5 |
6.3 |
2.8 |
5.9 |
1.4 |
8.3 |
D |
2.8 |
D |
6.1 |
D |
0.0 |
8.3 |
Other |
1.9 |
2.3 |
1.5 |
0.2 |
5.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.6 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |