Sex, citizenship status, and area of doctoral study
Women constitute about 45% of all S&E early career doctorate holders working in an academic institution, an FFRDC, or the NIH IRP. The proportion of women is higher among U.S. citizens and permanent residents than among temporary visa holders. In addition, the proportion of women varies by broad S&E field of study. Among U.S. citizens and permanent residents, roughly similar proportions of women and men hold a doctorate in the sciences. The proportion of women is lower in engineering than in the sciences, particularly among temporary visa holders.
Broad field of degree among early career doctorate holders with a science and engineering degree: 2014
