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Table 67. Statistical profile of postgraduation plans of doctorate recipients in education fields, by sex and field of study: 2016

Characteristic All education fields Education administration Education research Teacher education Teaching fields Other education
All doctorate recipients (number)a 5,153 829 2,386 181 1,167 590
Postgraduation status (number)b
Definite postgraduation study 219 11 140 D 45 D
Definite employment 2,568 450 1,163 D 604 D
Seeking employment or study 1,410 175 666 57 356 156
Otherc 214 30 98 6 46 34
Definite postgraduation study (%)d
Postdoc fellowship 52.5 D 59.3 D 42.2 D
Postdoc research associateship 44.3 D 36.4 D 55.6 55.0
Other or unknowne 3.2 0.0 4.3 0.0 2.2 0.0
Definite employment (%)f
Academe 59.2 42.2 61.7 58.6 67.7 58.0
Government 4.0 4.9 4.5 6.9 2.3 3.8
Industry or businessg 4.8 3.3 6.7 D 2.8 D
Nonprofit organization 5.3 4.9 5.5 D 4.8 D
Other or unknownh 26.7 44.7 21.7 28.7 22.4 27.7
Primary activityi
R&D 12.0 5.3 16.4 8.1 9.1 12.3
Teaching 43.1 19.0 36.6 58.1 70.4 44.5
Management or administration 33.7 68.7 30.6 25.6 13.9 35.9
Professional services 9.3 5.8 14.4 D 4.8 D
Other 1.9 1.2 2.1 D 1.8 D
Secondary activityj
R&D 28.8 11.6 28.6 29.1 42.1 28.6
Teaching 16.6 20.5 17.4 14.0 13.2 15.0
Management or administration 10.8 7.7 12.8 D 10.5 D
Professional services 11.0 13.3 11.4 D 7.3 D
Other 2.7 2.7 2.3 0.0 4.3 2.3
No secondary activity 30.0 44.3 27.7 37.2 22.5 30.9
Activity unknown 8.6 7.8 8.3 1.1 7.3 16.7
Postgraduation location (%)k
United Statesl 94.5 97.6 94.2 D 91.8 D
New England 4.6 5.2 4.7 D 3.5 D
Middle Atlantic 10.5 8.2 9.1 11.1 13.3 13.7
East North Central 15.1 19.3 15.9 6.7 14.2 9.9
West North Central 7.8 7.4 7.3 10.0 8.0 9.2
South Atlantic 19.3 18.4 20.5 20.0 18.0 17.6
East South Central 8.4 14.1 7.0 18.9 6.9 5.6
West South Central 10.3 8.9 11.7 12.2 8.6 9.2
Mountain 7.4 6.5 8.1 D 6.8 D
Pacific and insular 11.1 9.5 9.9 10.0 12.3 16.2
Not in United States 5.5 2.4 5.7 D 8.2 D
Location unknown * 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
Male doctorate recipients (number) 1,550 306 719 43 315 167
Postgraduation status (number)b
Definite postgraduation study 58 D 40 D 11 D
Definite employment 830 D 373 D 159 D
Seeking employment or study 397 58 183 D 101 D
Otherc 55 8 24 0 12 11
Definite postgraduation study (%)d
Postdoc fellowship 58.6 0.0 62.5 0.0 D D
Postdoc research associateship 41.4 D 37.5 D D 0.0
Other or unknowne 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Definite employment (%)f
Academe 59.9 37.6 68.1 57.1 68.6 58.0
Government 4.9 7.4 5.1 D D D
Industry or businessg 4.7 D 6.7 0.0 D 5.7
Nonprofit organization 3.7 4.2 2.9 0.0 4.4 5.7
Other or unknownh 26.7 47.6 17.2 33.3 23.9 26.1
Primary activityi
R&D 11.3 2.8 16.8 D 11.1 D
Teaching 39.8 17.9 33.5 57.1 75.0 48.6
Management or administration 40.6 73.2 36.8 D D 37.8
Professional services 6.6 5.0 10.6 D D D
Other 1.6 1.1 2.4 0.0 0.7 1.4
Secondary activityj
R&D 29.2 12.3 30.6 D 48.6 D
Teaching 18.3 21.2 20.0 D 14.6 D
Management or administration 9.5 7.3 11.5 0.0 9.0 9.5
Professional services 10.9 14.0 10.3 D 4.9 D
Other 2.8 1.7 2.6 0.0 4.9 2.7
No secondary activity 29.3 43.6 25.0 42.9 18.1 32.4
Activity unknown 8.7 5.3 8.8 0.0 9.4 15.9
Postgraduation location (%)k
United Statesl 91.6 D 92.3 D 80.6 D
New England 4.8 6.3 5.1 D 2.9 D
Middle Atlantic 11.8 D 11.1 D 11.8 19.4
East North Central 14.4 17.9 15.3 D 11.8 D
West North Central 7.9 6.3 8.2 D 4.7 D
South Atlantic 17.5 22.6 17.4 D 16.5 D
East South Central 8.1 11.1 7.0 D 7.6 D
West South Central 8.2 5.3 9.7 D 8.2 D
Mountain 8.6 8.4 9.7 D 7.1 D
Pacific and insular 10.2 D 8.7 D 10.0 19.4
Not in United States 8.4 D 7.7 D 19.4 D
Location unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Female doctorate recipients (number) 3,603 523 1,667 138 852 423
Postgraduation status (number)b
Definite postgraduation study 161 D 100 D 34 D
Definite employment 1,738 D 790 D 445 D
Seeking employment or study 1,013 117 483 D 255 D
Otherc 159 22 74 6 34 23
Definite postgraduation study (%)d
Postdoc fellowship 50.3 D 58.0 D D D
Postdoc research associateship 45.3 D 36.0 D D 73.3
Other or unknowne 4.3 0.0 6.0 0.0 2.9 0.0
Definite employment (%)f
Academe 58.9 45.6 58.6 59.1 67.4 58.0
Government 3.6 3.1 4.2 D D D
Industry or businessg 4.8 D 6.7 D D D
Nonprofit organization 6.0 5.4 6.7 D 4.9 D
Other or unknownh 26.7 42.5 23.8 27.3 21.8 28.4
Primary activityi
R&D 12.3 7.2 16.3 D 8.4 D
Teaching 44.6 19.9 38.0 58.5 68.8 42.5
Management or administration 30.3 65.3 27.7 D D 34.9
Professional services 10.6 6.4 16.1 D D 6.2
Other 2.1 1.3 1.9 D 2.2 D
Secondary activityj
R&D 28.7 11.0 27.7 D 39.9 D
Teaching 15.7 19.9 16.1 D 12.7 D
Management or administration 11.5 8.1 13.4 D 11.1 D
Professional services 11.0 12.7 11.8 15.4 8.2 10.3
Other 2.7 3.4 2.1 0.0 4.1 2.1
No secondary activity 30.4 44.9 28.9 35.4 24.0 30.1
Activity unknown 8.6 9.6 8.1 1.5 6.5 17.0
Postgraduation location (%)k
United Statesl 95.9 D 95.2 D 95.8 96.9
New England 4.5 4.4 4.5 D 3.8 D
Middle Atlantic 9.8 D 8.2 D 13.8 11.0
East North Central 15.5 20.3 16.2 D 15.0 D
West North Central 7.7 8.1 6.9 D 9.2 D
South Atlantic 20.1 15.5 21.9 D 18.6 D
East South Central 8.5 16.2 7.0 D 6.7 D
West South Central 11.2 11.4 12.6 D 8.8 D
Mountain 6.9 5.2 7.3 D 6.7 D
Pacific and insular 11.4 D 10.4 D 13.2 14.7
Not in United States 4.1 D 4.7 D 4.2 3.1
Location unknown 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
* = value < 0.05%; D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information.
a Includes respondents who did not report sex.
b Includes only respondents who reported postgraduation status.
c Includes respondents who indicated that they did not plan to work or study, respondents who indicated some other type of postgraduation plans, and respondents who indicated definite plans for other full-time degree program.
d Excludes respondents who indicated plans for other full-time degree program. Percentages based on number of doctorate recipients reporting definite postgraduation plans for study.
e "Other" includes respondents who indicated definite postgraduation study plans for traineeship, internship or clinical residency, or other study.
f Percentages based on number of doctorate recipients reporting definite postgraduation plans for employment.
g Includes doctorate recipients who indicated self-employment.
h "Other" is mainly composed of elementary and secondary schools.
i Percentages based on number of doctorate recipients reporting definite postgraduation plans for employment and primary work activity.
j Percentages based on number of doctorate recipients reporting definite postgraduation plans for employment and secondary work activity.
k Percentages based on number of doctorate recipients reporting definite postgraduation plans and type of plans.
l Includes cases with an unknown U.S. region of employment after doctorate; see technical notes for states or territories included in regions.
NOTES: Due to rounding, percentages may not sum to 100. See table A-6 in the technical notes for a listing of major fields and their constituent subfields.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates, 2016.