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Chapter 8. State Indicators

Financial Research and Development Outputs

State Agency R&D Expenditures per Employed Worker



Findings

  • In 2011, state government agency R&D expenditures averaged $9.98 per employed civilian worker nationwide.
  • State agency R&D funding per civilian worker across the United States was approximately 1% of the $940 in federal R&D obligations per worker in 2011.
  • State agency R&D spending per civilian worker varied greatly among the states in 2011, ranging from a low of $1.28 to a high of $47.93.
  • Seven Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research states are among those with the highest values for this indicator.


Description

This indicator represents the extent of R&D activity funded by state government agencies relative to the size of the state’s employed civilian workforce. State R&D expenditures include state-administered funds from all sources that support R&D performed by either a state agency or an external performer.

Data on state R&D cover funding administered by state government departments, agencies, independent commissions, and other state-run entities. They exclude state-run colleges and universities as well as laboratories or experiment stations controlled by state universities; funding administered by these institutions is classified as academic R&D. The data also exclude state legislatures’ direct appropriations to nonstate agencies. Some data may include expenditures for non-R&D activities such as commercialization, environmental testing, and routine survey work.

Estimates of the size of a state’s workforce are provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and represent the employed component of the civilian labor force. The data are not seasonally adjusted and workers are assigned to a location based on residence. Estimates for states with smaller populations are generally less precise than estimates for states with larger populations.


Data Table

Table 8-44
State agency R&D expenditures per employed worker, by state: 2006, 2009, and 2011
 
State agency R&D
expenditures ($) 		Employed workers State agency R&D
expenditures/employed
worker ($)
State 2006 2009 2011 2006 2009 2011 2006 2009 2011
 
United States 1,021,016,894 1,213,524,157 1,403,816,235 143,729,350 139,594,700 140,695,662 7.10 8.69 9.98
Alabama 7,269,319 12,929,167 19,684,063 2,098,462 1,930,230 1,992,522 3.46 6.70 9.88
Alaska 10,019,060 7,741,467 11,349,400 326,109 331,099 337,796 30.72 23.38 33.60
Arizona 37,151,471 9,363,943 18,626,577 2,836,638 2,820,086 2,761,984 13.10 3.32 6.74
Arkansas 4,869,648 11,465,214 14,705,327 1,286,887 1,250,526 1,251,877 3.78 9.17 11.75
California 107,793,045 146,793,247 149,810,643 16,821,266 16,151,063 16,237,286 6.41 9.09 9.23
Colorado 8,997,236 15,563,581 18,141,931 2,541,828 2,511,189 2,490,004 3.54 6.20 7.29
Connecticut 19,209,064 28,559,052 39,192,091 1,745,993 1,740,974 1,732,807 11.00 16.40 22.62
Delaware 2,812,102 1,683,562 2,609,902 424,618 405,553 407,772 6.62 4.15 6.40
District of Columbia 1,173,076 487,411 1,221,108 303,791 302,687 312,859 3.86 1.61 3.90
Florida 42,329,624 66,513,756 150,764,438 8,584,095 8,152,332 8,322,237 4.93 8.16 18.12
Georgia 10,620,188 6,662,887 11,690,663 4,500,150 4,289,819 4,295,113 2.36 1.55 2.72
Hawaii 12,067,849 13,976,364 13,103,983 617,807 593,514 614,824 19.53 23.55 21.31
Idaho 2,280,873 8,552,058 9,366,052 718,077 695,476 702,920 3.18 12.30 13.32
Illinois 37,184,281 9,570,893 17,207,125 6,225,095 5,937,296 5,942,809 5.97 1.61 2.90
Indiana 6,220,575 47,549,928 6,983,364 3,080,047 2,869,556 2,874,722 2.02 16.57 2.43
Iowa 13,564,062 37,976,643 36,992,222 1,595,136 1,573,085 1,562,156 8.50 24.14 23.68
Kansas 14,348,384 12,305,385 6,635,626 1,403,938 1,400,319 1,401,055 10.22 8.79 4.74
Kentucky 17,558,997 13,938,134 20,498,849 1,904,467 1,848,505 1,875,447 9.22 7.54 10.93
Louisiana 11,216,568 8,285,478 9,203,635 1,900,240 1,916,952 1,919,021 5.90 4.32 4.80
Maine 17,509,051 6,400,019 9,918,765 665,856 642,434 649,312 26.30 9.96 15.28
Maryland 24,945,119 21,093,331 20,084,540 2,892,733 2,814,180 2,868,191 8.62 7.50 7.00
Massachusetts 10,729,419 3,290,198 4,878,927 3,255,504 3,187,538 3,216,160 3.30 1.03 1.52
Michigan 75,016,589 8,630,209 9,802,873 4,722,716 4,201,763 4,189,792 15.88 2.05 2.34
Minnesota 6,219,201 16,655,913 11,653,327 2,774,524 2,713,601 2,777,285 2.24 6.14 4.20
Mississippi 2,744,882 3,623,953 7,420,851 1,199,871 1,168,581 1,197,641 2.29 3.10 6.20
Missouri 18,465,303 15,797,247 13,658,961 2,889,461 2,778,671 2,767,043 6.39 5.69 4.94
Montana 8,606,319 7,200,442 6,474,190 476,412 465,005 466,372 18.06 15.48 13.88
Nebraska 5,602,163 4,415,644 4,061,651 943,176 939,290 961,786 5.94 4.70 4.22
Nevada 1,397,463 1,510,607 1,868,869 1,222,277 1,209,252 1,207,799 1.14 1.25 1.55
New Hampshire 2,040,544 1,860,269 1,921,421 708,748 696,145 697,383 2.88 2.67 2.76
New Jersey 25,900,482 15,146,838 17,068,781 4,257,899 4,135,921 4,120,017 6.08 3.66 4.14
New Mexico 3,105,000 1,655,529 1,821,583 886,708 873,960 862,043 3.50 1.89 2.11
New York 103,597,135 151,467,015 182,736,305 9,062,464 8,832,592 8,740,642 11.43 17.15 20.91
North Carolina 14,344,310 40,404,202 29,611,785 4,261,325 4,104,049 4,183,052 3.37 9.84 7.08
North Dakota 21,062,090 16,415,807 8,072,257 349,368 355,641 368,677 60.29 46.16 21.90
Ohio 55,068,629 121,394,963 159,322,228 5,602,764 5,320,715 5,303,655 9.83 22.82 30.04
Oklahoma 8,922,036 15,930,878 20,304,740 1,650,070 1,648,556 1,678,953 5.41 9.66 12.09
Oregon 7,382,722 11,120,140 20,001,272 1,792,039 1,753,853 1,785,400 4.12 6.34 11.20
Pennsylvania 117,320,158 102,958,404 71,098,139 6,021,084 5,898,301 5,892,519 19.48 17.46 12.07
Rhode Island 150,000 1,877,724 1,947,727 543,973 504,616 499,481 0.28 3.72 3.90
South Carolina 22,427,746 28,599,885 47,795,394 1,970,912 1,908,839 1,941,654 11.38 14.98 24.62
South Dakota 5,791,586 4,430,602 3,629,155 421,799 420,278 422,696 13.73 10.54 8.59
Tennessee 5,355,000 3,752,587 3,606,726 2,852,509 2,713,058 2,828,617 1.88 1.38 1.28
Texas 28,019,645 49,381,346 47,372,367 10,757,510 11,070,143 11,493,519 2.60 4.46 4.12
Utah 3,214,170 26,442,711 34,418,764 1,285,389 1,275,514 1,254,151 2.50 20.73 27.44
Vermont 1,680,533 738,707 1,711,673 343,149 335,132 338,632 4.90 2.20 5.05
Virginia 11,579,623 17,412,519 17,241,804 3,862,508 3,842,447 3,928,267 3.00 4.53 4.39
Washington 22,834,218 13,892,247 24,500,489 3,155,384 3,194,251 3,161,818 7.24 4.35 7.75
West Virginia 6,024,577 10,357,006 35,475,338 777,210 745,150 740,175 7.75 13.90 47.93
Wisconsin 10,949,155 24,942,415 21,128,936 2,932,482 2,843,857 2,832,826 3.73 8.77 7.46
Wyoming 6,326,604 4,806,630 5,419,398 276,882 281,106 284,893 22.85 17.10 19.02
 
Puerto Rico 1,458,790 NA 537,869 1,260,703 1,101,862 1,032,765 1.16 NA 0.52
 

NA = not available.

NOTE: Civilian workers represent the employed component of the civilian labor force and are reported as annual data not seasonally adjusted.

SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of State Research and Development Expenditures (various years); Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics (various years).

Science and Engineering Indicators 2014


State Data Tool

The state data tool allows interactive exploration of the 58 indicators in this chapter. Users have the ability to choose and explore a single indicator in-depth, compare multiple indicators for preselected groups, customize their own graphics, or download data tables. Click the button below to get started.

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