Science and Engineering State Profiles


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U.S. total
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Characteristic, data year (unit)
Value
Rank
Gross domestic product, 2020 ($millions) 373,719 19 20,893,746
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Total R&D performance, 2019 ($millions) 8,076 21 642,671
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Business R&D performance, 2019 ($millions)
6,403 18 492,464
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Higher education R&D performance, 2020 ($millions) 1,401 18 81,234
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Earth sciences (%) 8- 4
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Engineering (%) 17- 17
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Environmental sciences (%) NA - NA NA
Life sciences (%) 41- 61
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Math and computer sciences (%) 3- 5
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Physical sciences (%) 13- 7
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Psychology (%) 2- 2
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Sciences, nec (%) 8- 1
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Social sciences (%) 7- 4
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Academic research space, 2019 (thousands sq. ft.) 3,145 27 227,209
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Federal R&D obligations, 2020 ($millions) 1,939 21 160,975
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State government R&D expenditures, 2020 ($thousands) 16,011 28 2,444,981
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Agriculture ($thousands) 1,04225 142,105
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Energy ($thousands) 034 390,827
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Environment and natural resources ($thousands) 1,85039 448,510
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Health ($thousands) 11,08613 1,027,757
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Other ($thousands) 56030 156,339
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Transportation ($thousands) 1,47340 279,443
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SBIR awards, 2020 109 15 6,088
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Utility patents issued to state residents, 2020 2,870 18 164,548
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Population, 2021 (thousands) 7,276 14 335,157
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Civilian labor force, 2021 (thousands) 3,518 15 162,925
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Personal income per capita, 2020 (dollars) 49,648 43 3,015,861
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SEH graduate students in institutions granting research-based graduate degrees, 2020 13,744 17 697,685
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Doctorate students 5,37217 283,335
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Masters students 8,37216 414,350
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SEH doctorate recipients, 2020 793 18 42,622
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Earth sciences (%) 5- 3
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Engineering (%) 26- 25
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Environmental sciences (%) NA - NA NA
Life sciences (%) 23- 29
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Math and computer sciences (%) 11- 10
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Physical sciences (%) 11- 12
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Psychology (%) 5- 9
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Social sciences (%) 19- 12
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SEH postdoctoral appointees in institutions granting research-based graduate degrees, 2020 794 22 65,679
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Employed SEH doctrate holders, 2019
13,100 21 857,200
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Federal obligations for S&E R&D, by agency and performer, 2020 ($thousands)
All agencies 1,938,848 21 160,974,613
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All FFRDCs 0- 13,032,437
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Businesses 1,097,654- 50,637,875
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Federal intramural 263,902- 48,308,970
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Other nonprofits 73,478- 10,086,660
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State and local governments 9,375- 668,283
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Universities and colleges 494,439- 38,240,388
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Department of Agriculture 31,774 31 2,630,857
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All FFRDCs 0- 0
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Businesses 0- 4,633
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Federal intramural 20,530- 1,689,312
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Other nonprofits 2,005- 51,874
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State and local governments 0- 8,582
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Universities and colleges 9,239- 876,456
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Department of Commerce 2,162 32 1,608,732
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All FFRDCs 0- 24,019
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Businesses 150- 50,506
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Federal intramural 0- 1,185,353
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Other nonprofits 0- 30,977
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State and local governments 0- 4,960
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Universities and colleges 2,012- 312,918
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Department of Defense 1,252,292 16 63,836,949
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All FFRDCs 0- 1,822,049
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Businesses 1,026,455- 34,642,276
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Federal intramural 170,478- 21,389,781
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Other nonprofits 3,395- 1,457,342
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State and local governments 5,244- 8,810
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Universities and colleges 46,720- 4,516,689
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Department of Energy 42,065 27 13,435,226
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All FFRDCs 0- 7,566,096
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Businesses 12,717- 2,957,236
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Federal intramural 0- 871,780
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Other nonprofits 1- 148,373
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State and local governments 0- 55,452
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Universities and colleges 29,347- 1,836,289
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Department of Health and Human Services 296,591 26 59,682,306
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All FFRDCs 0- 930,546
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Businesses 13,255- 7,580,905
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Federal intramural 7,976- 19,294,535
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Other nonprofits 55,038- 7,607,949
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State and local governments 2,167- 342,487
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Universities and colleges 218,155- 23,925,885
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Department of Homeland Security 5,081 14 491,332
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All FFRDCs 0- 83,951
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Businesses 4,729- 241,886
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Federal intramural 352- 132,858
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Other nonprofits 0- 2,660
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State and local governments 0- 764
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Universities and colleges 0- 29,213
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Department of the Interior 33,193 8 836,160
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All FFRDCs 0- 1,051
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Businesses 269- 17,821
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Federal intramural 29,441- 719,604
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Other nonprofits 0- 4,229
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State and local governments 199- 12,833
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Universities and colleges 3,284- 80,620
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Department of Transportation 4,833 34 1,180,522
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All FFRDCs 0- 70,291
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Businesses 443- 341,783
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Federal intramural 18- 222,011
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Other nonprofits 0- 54,543
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State and local governments 1,338- 216,086
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Universities and colleges 3,033- 275,808
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Environmental Protection Agency 261 31 488,501
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All FFRDCs 0- 1,573
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Businesses 261- 190,851
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Federal intramural 0- 244,436
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Other nonprofits 0- 0
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State and local governments 0- 0
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Universities and colleges 0- 51,642
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration 145,956 13 10,462,750
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All FFRDCs 0- 2,265,697
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Businesses 34,715- 4,151,566
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Federal intramural 35,108- 2,550,099
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Other nonprofits 10,683- 384,209
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State and local governments 0- 3,526
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Universities and colleges 65,450- 1,107,653
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National Science Foundation 124,641 18 6,321,280
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All FFRDCs 0- 267,165
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Businesses 4,661- 458,413
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Federal intramural 0- 9,201
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Other nonprofits 2,356- 344,506
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State and local governments 427- 14,781
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Universities and colleges 117,198- 5,227,214
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- = no value possible; NA = not available.

FFRDCs = federally funded research and development centers; nec = not elsewhere classified; S&E = science and engineering; SBIR = small business innovation research; and SEH = science, engineering, and health.

NOTES: Rankings and totals are based on data for the 50 states, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Rankings are based on unrounded totals. Standard errors of estimates from sample surveys are not considered in developing rankings; differences may not be statistically significant due to sampling error. Data for employed SEH doctorate holders are from the Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) and include recipients of U.S. doctoral degrees only. The SDR is not conducted annually. State estimates for employed SEH doctorate holders may have large sampling errors because the SDR was not designed to provide estimates at the state level. The SDR data are classified by the state where the doctorate holder is employed, if known; otherwise, data are classified by the doctorate holder's residence. The original source of data on personal income per capita and gross domestic product for Puerto Rico is the Puerto Rico Planning Board, Program of Economic and Social Planning, Subprogram of Economic Analysis.

The U.S. total in a State Profile and its corresponding data source may not match in all cases. Differences are due to rounding, survey scope, or undistributed data. For example, source data may or may not include Puerto Rico. See Technical Notes associated with each survey.

Some source data may have been updated since these profiles were created. See the source data for the most up-to-date information.

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