FAQ: FY26 NSF Trailblazer Engineering Impact Award (TRAILBLAZER) Program

General Information

1. What type of projects and PIs will the NSF TRAILBLAZER Impact Award (TRAILBLAZER) support?

   The NSF TRAILBLAZER Engineering Impact Award Program will only accept single Principal Investigator (PI) proposals to perform potentially transformative research in engineering. The PI’s research expertise and track record of creativity, innovation, and collaboration will be leveraged to propose bold new research directions distinct from previous or current research and convene and lead an effective team to conduct the proposed research activities.

   The TRAILBLAZER program will support groundbreaking research projects that seek to significantly advance engineering research and innovation beyond what is currently being done in engineering and beyond the PI's recent and prior research activities. In the Project Description, PIs must describe how the proposed new research area involves the development of innovative approaches designed to evaluate unconventional hypotheses. "Projects that are extensions of the PI's ongoing or previous research are not eligible under this program. Furthermore, prior or concurrent funding support for other projects that overlap with the proposed TRAILBLAZER project will preclude eligibility for a TRAILBLAZER award."

   NSF TRAILBLAZER is designed to support single investigators. The PI is allowed to build out a Team to support the research. In this context, proposing a large-scale research effort at the scale of a research center is not the intent of NSF TRAILBLAZER.

2. What makes a proposed TRAILBLAZER project different from a project submitted to an Engineering core program, especially since NSF already funds potentially transformative work?

   The PI is expected to propose unconventional hypotheses leading to a paradigm shift or significant leap in fundamental engineering knowledge that addresses a national need and/or Grand Challenge, and advances U.S. leadership in science and engineering. The PI is expected to describe why the proposed research is suited to the TRAILBLAZER program rather than to an NSF core program. While NSF-funded projects through core programs often build directly on existing work, TRAILBLAZER projects do not require preliminary data nor an established research path.

3. How different does the proposed TRAILBLAZER project need to be from the PI's past or current research?

   TRAILBLAZER PIs are expected to propose a new research direction that is distinct from any research currently or previously conducted by the proposer. TRAILBLAZER is not intended to expand the PI's previous or current research into the proposed area of research. Projects that are extensions or scale-ups of the PI's ongoing or previous research are not eligible under this program. In the Project Description, proposers must provide a description of how this new area of research represents a distinct departure from the PI's current research areas into new areas with significant potential for innovation and disruptive advances in engineering and science. The change in research direction must be clearly defined and justified in the proposal to help the reviewers understand the Trailblazing Potential as defined under Solicitation-Specific Review Criterion #2 in the solicitation.

4. Is there a threshold of preliminary data, publication, prior funding, or pending funding that will disqualify a project?

   The TRAILBLAZER program does not request preliminary data or detailed experimental plans. There is no established threshold of preliminary data or publication history that, if exceeded, would disqualify a project. However, reviewers will be asked to assess how the Preliminary Results substantiate, but do not duplicate, the proposed new research direction.

   Reviewers will have access to the PI’s current and pending support, as well as the PI’s publication record. The reviewers will help NSF make the determination of whether the proposed TRAILBLAZER project is already funded, and whether the proposed new research direction is an extension of prior or current research. Prior or concurrent funding support for other projects that overlap with the proposed TRAILBLAZER project will preclude eligibility for a TRAILBLAZER award. Pending proposals will also be factored into this determination.

5. Will technology development be allowed or will only hypothesis-driven research be supported?

   Proposed projects can include hypothesis-driven research or the development of new tools and technologies, as long as the proposed research is relevant to the NSF mission.

6. Does this program support translational research with commercialization goals?

   The proposed project can include translational research with the potential for commercialization; however, the focus of TRAILBLAZER is on innovation, impact, and the significant advancement of fundamental engineering research and knowledge.

7. Are there any preferred topics for FY26? What national/societal needs or grand challenges in engineering are considered responsive to the TRAILBLAZER Program?

   The NSF TRAILBLAZER program will consider all engineering topics. The proposed research must address a national/societal need and/or grand challenge in engineering. In the Project Description of the proposal, the national/societal need and/or grand challenge should be clearly articulated.

   For fiscal year 2026, NSF TRAILBLAZER is particularly interested in topics that align with current administration priorities, which include, but are not limited to, the areas of Artificial intelligence (AI), Bioengineering & Biomanufacturing, Quantum Engineering, Robotics, and Nuclear Engineering.

Eligibility Requirements

1. Who is eligible to serve as PI?

   At the time of proposal submission, the PI must hold a tenured or tenure-eligible faculty appointment at the Associate or Full Professor rank or equivalent at an organization that is eligible to submit as described under the "Who May Submit Proposals" section of the TRAILBLAZER solicitation. Additionally, the PI must have an appointment in an Engineering School or College and/or have earned an Engineering Doctorate degree.

   Rank	Engineering School/College Appointment	Engineering Doctorate Degree	Eligible?
   Associate/Full Professor	Yes	Yes	Yes
   Associate/Full Professor	Yes	No	Yes
   Associate/Full Professor	No	Yes	Yes
   Associate/Full Professor	No	No	No

   If the PI does not have a doctorate degree in an Engineering discipline, and the PI’s home department appointment is not in the School or College of Engineering at the PI’s institution, then the PI must have an active, formal joint/courtesy appointment with a department, program, or school within the School or College of Engineering at the PI’s institution by the due date for Preliminary Proposal submission (March 10, 2026).

   The PI is not required to have secured funding or grant awards from NSF in the past. PIs that have not previously been funded by NSF are welcome to respond to the NSF TRAILBLAZER solicitation.

2. If the PI is at the Assistant Professor rank at the time of proposal submission, but will be an Associate Professor by the time the project would start, are they eligible to submit?

   No. The PI must be of an eligible rank at the time of proposal submission.

Preparation & Submissions

1. Why was the Letter of Intent required?

   The Letters of Intent will be of assistance in identifying the range of engineering topics submitted to the TRAILBLAZER program so that subject matter expert reviewers can be identified.

   The PI will not be formally notified by NSF TRAILBLAZER program officers whether the LOI was successfully submitted and will not receive a letter inviting submission of a Preliminary Proposal. It is the PI’s responsibility to verify with their institution’s sponsored programs office that the LOI was successfully received by NSF. The PI is permitted to change the title of the proposed project as stated in the LOI when submitting their Preliminary Proposal.

2. Why is the Preliminary Proposal required for FY26?

   The Preliminary Proposal will be used to identify which projects have the strongest potential for realizing the goals of the TRAILBLAZER program, particularly with regards to Intellectual Merit, Broader Impacts, and the Additional Solicitation-Specific Review Criteria #1-3.

3. May I provide additional supplementary documents to support my proposal?

   All information submitted for the review of your proposal must be included in the allowed sections of the proposal, within the specified limits of space. The only Supplementary Documents that are allowed for the preliminary proposal and invited full proposal stages are described in the TRAILBLAZER Solicitation NSF 26-502. No other materials will be accepted; proposals with additional materials will be returned without review.

4. Are collaborators allowed on a TRAILBLAZER proposal?

   The TRAILBLAZER program is intended to support a single principal investigator. Collaborative proposals, or proposals containing sub-awards, co-PIs, or other Senior/Key Personnel are not allowed. However, it is recognized that the TRAILBLAZER PI may need a team to support the proposed activities. The invited full proposal should describe how a strong and effective team will be convened and led by the PI to conduct the proposed research, including team member expertise, team development, means of communication, management of personnel within the project group, management of intellectual property resulting from the project, and timeline of activities. Note however that submission of team member Biographical Sketches is not permitted.

5. May I provide letters of support or letters of collaboration as part of the proposal?

   Letters of collaboration, as described in Chapter II.D.2 of the NSF Proposal & Award Policies & Procedures Guide (PAPPG) from potential team members are encouraged. Potential team members can also be discussed in the Project Description; however, letters of support and team member Biographical Sketches are not permitted. Proposals containing Letters of Support will be returned without review.

Budget

1. What are the guidelines for specifying the time commitment of the PI to the proposed TRAILBLAZER project?

   The PI is expected to make a significant time commitment to the proposed TRAILBLAZER project that is reflected in the budget for PI salary. The NSF TRAILBLAZER solicitation for FY 26 allows up to six months salary support. There is no lower limit to PI salary support, but two months salary support would be a reasonable baseline to realize a TRAILBLAZER project.

2. How can a PI describe their proposed team structure without including co-PIs and/or sub-awards?

   Proposers should use the budget justification and Management Plan to describe the contributions of potential team members. The Management plan will describe how a strong and effective team will be convened and how this team will be led to conduct the proposed research, including necessary team member expertise, team development, means of communication, management of personnel within the project group, management of intellectual property resulting from the project, and an initial timeline of activities. Proposers should not include budget lines for potential co-PIs or other senior/key personnel that will trigger the need for Biographical Sketch submission, as Biographical Sketches other than that of the PI are not allowed. If a proposal is to be recommended for an award, the NSF TRAILBLAZER program officers will negotiate an award budget with the PI prior to making the award recommendation.

3. May a collaborator be funded by this award?

   TRAILBLAZER projects are to be submitted as single-PI proposals. TRAILBLAZER proposals with co-PIs and/or sub-awards will be returned without review. TRAILBLAZER projects are not meant to be conducted solely by an individual PI, therefore addition of personnel and/or sub-awards to a TRAILBLAZER project will be done through a budget revision prior to award recommendation and/or as a post-award action.

   Team members from outside the PI’s institution, including international institutions, and members of U.S. federal or state government laboratories are allowed. However, award funds cannot be allocated to international institutions or U.S. federal governmental laboratories.

4. How do I put together a budget request?

   A budget and budget justification are required. Funds may be requested for proposed personnel, supplies, equipment, and other allowable costs. The budget justification can be used to describe contributions of potential team members, but budget lines for potential team members should not be included. If a proposal is to be recommended for an award, a budget revision will be effected prior to award.

Review & Selection

1. What criteria will be used to evaluate TRAILBLAZER proposals?

   In addition to the two NSF review criteria (intellectual merit and broader impacts), the following criteria will be used in the review of all TRAILBLAZER proposals.

   • Principal Investigator Research Expertise & Leadership - To what extent does the proposal demonstrate that the PI has a strong track record of creativity and impactful innovations, and to what extent does the PI provide evidence of their ability to form and lead a team appropriate for the proposed project?
   • TRAILBLAZING Potential - To what extent does the proposed research project convincingly leverage the PI's capacity for creativity and innovation to achieve a significant leap or paradigm shift in fundamental engineering knowledge that is uniquely enabled by the PI's pivot to a distinctly new, bold, and potentially transformative area of research?
   • National Need and/or Grand Challenge - To what extent does the proposed research have the potential to make significant progress on a national need and/or grand challenge?
   • Workforce Development Plan - To what extent does the plan promote, increase, and enhance the participation of emerging researchers in the field of engineering, and provide hands-on research experiences and training to support workforce development?
   • Management Plan - To what extent does the plan describe how a strong and effective team will be convened and led by the PI to conduct the proposed research?

2. How does the review process differ from a proposal to an NSF core program?

   A preliminary proposal is required. This preliminary proposal will be reviewed by a panel of subject matter experts. Based on the outcome of the preliminary proposal review process, full proposal submissions will be invited. The full proposal submissions will be reviewed by a panel of subject matter experts. Based on the outcome of the full proposal review process, a subset of applicants will be invited to a PI Interview panel composed of subject matter experts and panelists from academia, government, or the private sector. At the PI Interview Panel, each PI will make a presentation on the proposed activities and then respond to panelist questions.

   PIs will receive the panel summary and written reviews shortly after receiving the invitation for a Full Proposal submission. PIs will not receive the panel summary or written reviews from the Full Proposal review prior to PI Interview panel. The PI Interview panel will be conducted virtually. Instructions will be provided to the PI if the PI is invited to participate in the PI Interview panel.

3. Will the expertise of the reviewers reflect the area of the PI’s current areas of research, or the new areas proposed in their TRAILBLAZER proposal?

   Reviewer expertise will be in the research areas articulated in the TRAILBLAZER proposals. The reviewers will also be briefed by the TRAILBLAZER program officers on the intent and distinct features of the TRAILBLAZER program for FY26 as articulated in solicitation . Briefings will include instruction on how to evaluate proposals against the Solicitation-Specific Review Criteria.

   Reviewers selected for the Preliminary Proposal panel review stage may not be the same as the reviewers selected for the Full Proposal panel review stage.