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The U.S. National Science Foundation's Growing Convergence Research program supports new research collaborations across scientific disciplines that are focused on specific, complex problems.
By rapidly incubating intellectual integration, or convergence, across scientific disciplines, NSF seeks to open new frontiers in science and engineering.
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The Growing Convergence Research program focuses on transitioning teams from research that is multidisciplinary to research that transcends disciplinary boundaries with novel conceptual frameworks, theories and methods.
From a collaboration's inception, the researchers and stakeholders supported by the program must:
- Jointly frame the project's research questions.
- Collectively develop effective ways of communicating across disciplines and sectors.
- Adopt common frameworks for their solution.
- Develop a new scientific vocabulary (when appropriate).
Growing Convergence Research lecture series
Featured lecture video
Previous lecture videos:
Convergence in Action: Insights from a Multiyear Investigation of Frontier Science
June 1, 2023
Convergence is understood to require integration from multiple fields. But what is “integration”? How is it achieved? What facilitates or impedes it in the research process? These questions are among those addressed as a team of researchers followed extended problem-solving processes in four pioneering research labs in the bioengineering sciences as researchers developed novel modeling practices (in vitro and computational) in order to understand and control complex biological systems. These labs were categorized as “adaptive problem spaces” where different kinds of interdisciplinary systems form as researchers adapt concepts, methods, materials, and epistemic norms and values to cross-disciplinary problems. Moreover, researchers, themselves, are transformed as they learn to address these problems from different perspectives. This video presents an overview and discussion of specific findings about the nature and processes of interdisciplinary integration and the characteristics identified as important to cultivate in the education of convergence researchers.
Using the Science of Team Science to Advance Convergence Research
May 11, 2023
Convergence research requires investigators to work in interdisciplinary teams to advance integrative knowledge and solve complex problems. Therefore, convergence researchers must pay attention to the policies, practices, and cultures operating within their teams that often-times are counter to diversity, equity, and inclusion goals and act as barriers to scientific success. This seminar will provide context, examples, and strategies to improve teamwork and advance convergence research.
Lessons from the Field: Perspectives on Catalyzing Convergence in GCR Phase II
Presented by Professors Kay Bidle, Alison Cullen, Vladimir Fikov, and Stanley Grant
April 6, 2023
Creating a New Field of Study: Integration and Implementation Sciences (i2S)
June 16, 2022
This Growing Convergence Research lecture explores Integration and Implementation Sciences (i2S). i2S aims to bring together a range of approaches to tackling complex societal and environmental problems, including systems thinking, interdisciplinarity, trans disciplinarity, action research and post-normal science in order to develop a common repository of concepts, methods and processes, as well as to make it easier to use combinations of such approaches in research programs.
Beyond Science as Usual – Perspectives on Creating Convergence Research Pathways
April 28, 2022
This webinar was held on April 28, 2022 as part of the Growing Convergence Research lecture series. Anne Heberger Marino presented on her work on the National Academies Keck Futures Initiative, which ran from 2003 to 2019. NAKFI was a successful example of fostering new avenues of convergence research because the program crossed disciplines, sectors, and professions.
Lessons from the Field: Perspectives on Catalyzing Convergence in GCR Phase II
February 3, 2022
View this video, which features two awardee teams funded in the first GCR competition.
Project Title: Life Cycle Management of Materials: Sustainable Biomass to Designer Polymer Systems
PI: Dr. Thomas H. Epps, III Allan & Myra Ferguson Distinguished Professor of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware
Project Title: Biomolecular Systems Engineering - Unlocking the Potential of Biological Programming
PI: Dr. Corey J. Wilson, King-Chavez-Parks Professor of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
Lessons from the Field - Center Directors’ Perspectives on Catalyzing Convergence
June 29, 2021
Synopsis: Research teams that pursue convergence will confront a variety of difficulties. To help identify and cope with some of these difficulties, NSF has assembled a panel of experts who have led large research centers, and so have experience with convergence at a variety of scales. Whether it’s a single science team, a team of teams, or an entire research center, our panelists have gleaned insights from years of experience catalyzing convergence.
Enabling Conditions for Convergence Science: The Role of Formal Interventions
Presented by Maritza Salazar Campo, Assistant Professor of Organization and Management, Paul Merage School of Business, University of California-Irvine
May 27, 2021
Synopsis: The complexity of scientific problems, coupled with a growing need for specialized expertise, requires the formation of teams of experts who collaborate across disciplinary boundaries to generate scientific breakthroughs. The variety of knowledge available in convergence science teams provides the breadth of expertise to tackle complex problems that would be intractable by a single discipline. This presentation demonstrates the use of formal interventions to support early-stage discovery collaborations focused on curing devastating diseases. To advance their objectives, these collaborations must overcome profound differences in members' specialized knowledge while simultaneously having little familiarity and limited prior histories of collaboration with one another to build from.
CONVERGE: Coming Together to Advance Hazards and Disaster Research
Presented by Lori Peek - Professor, Department of Sociology Director, Natural Hazards Center, University of Colorado Boulder
April 22, 2021
Synopsis: The United States is caught in a disaster loss spiral. The increasing frequency and intensity of disasters, coupled with the growth of the field of disaster research, suggests an urgent need for a more coherent convergence-oriented approach to help guide what we study, who we study, how we conduct studies, and who is involved in the research process itself. The NSF-funded CONVERGE facility—which was established in 2018 as the first social science-led component of the Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI)—advances convergence research for the hazards and disaster community. This presentation describes the activities of CONVERGE and showcases the various available resources such as online training modules, research check sheets, and convergence research agendas. It also highlights how CONVERGE is building the social infrastructure that brings together networks of researchers from geotechnical engineering, the social sciences, structural engineering, nearshore science, operations and systems engineering, environmental engineering, and interdisciplinary science and engineering.
The Concept of Convergence, with Illustration to Emerging Technologies
Presented by Mihail C. Roco - Senior Advisor for Science and Engineering National Science Foundation
March 25, 2021
Synopsis: Convergence trends have been inherent in knowledge and human development. Convergence is a problem-solving strategy to holistically understand and transform a system for reaching a compelling common goal, such as advancing an emerging technology in society. The convergence approach typically begins with deep integration of previously separate fields, communities, and modes of thinking, to form and improve a new system, from where solutions diverge to previously unattainable applications and outcomes. Basic principles and methods to facilitate convergence and examples of their application were presented.
Informational webinars
On January 14, 2025, the NSF Growing Convergence Research (GCR) team hosted a virtual Town Hall webinar to provide information about the 2025 GCR competition. The webinar included presentations focused on answering questions from prospective applicants about the current GCR solicitation (NSF 24-527), followed by a Question & Answer session.
Previous informational webinars:
GCR informational webinar slides (Nov. 2024) (PDF, 5.55 MB)
Toolbox Dialogue Initiative hosted a discussion with the NSF GCR Program team and past GCR awardees. Topics included highlights from the revised solicitation, conceptualizing convergence, and operationalizing convergence.
The GCR solicitation (NSF 24-527) targets multidisciplinary teams who are embracing convergence research as a means of developing highly innovative solutions to complex research problems.
GCR informational webinar slides (March 14, 2024) (PDF, 6.65 MB)
GCR in the news
A project funded by the NSF Growing Convergence Research (GCR) program was recently featured in Science magazine and the New York Times. The GCR research team, led by Principal Investigator Kay Bidle, brings together expertise in biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, mathematics, and computational modeling to develop new ways of understanding how microscopic organisms influence carbon cycling in the ocean. The Science perspective and New York Times article describe how the project’s latest research findings, published in Science, are providing novel insights into ocean ecology and biogeochemistry, changing how some scientists view the ocean. The GCR team’s work is also featured in a Tools of Science video explaining how creativity plays an essential, often underappreciated, role in science. Using the GCR project as an example, the video emphasizes the importance of collective creativity when scientists and engineers from several disciplines integrate their ideas to address complex scientific and societal challenges.
The first integrated process and life cycle greenhouse gas model
October 2022
The biorefinery concept has been proposed to reduce waste and generate an array of products from all input components for the efficient use of bio-derived raw materials. It has the potential to improve the environmental performance and economic viability of biomass conversion facilities. The proposed biorefinery integrates reductive catalytic fractionation, molten salt hydrolysis, and waste solids combustion for energy.
This is the first study to include different tree parts and their variable lignin chemistries in an LCA (life cycle assessment). All three forest residuals and their mix emit less greenhouse gas than the incumbent oil-based chemical production technologies. Using twigs and branchlets as the biorefinery feedstock has the lowest life-cycle greenhouse gas emission.
Carbon sequestration and utility generated from unreacted waste combustion are the main benefits of using biomass feedstock. This work provides simulation and evaluation platform for other feedstocks (compositions and RCF (reductive catalytic fractionation) yields) used in biorefineries.
This research provides the first integrated process and life cycle greenhouse gas model to evaluate different tree parts in a biorefinery operation that generates polymer precursors and biochemicals, while demonstrating that different forest residues (both individually and as a composite mix) could be utilized in a yellow poplar biorefinery to significantly reduce the greenhouse gas emissions vs. a petroleum-based process.
GCR: Materials Life-Cycle Management (1934887)
PI: Prof. Thomas H. Epps, III – University of Delaware
Advancing convergence research: Renewable energy solutions for off-grid communities
May 29, 2022
Is cultivated meat a viable prospect to feed the world?
January 10, 2022
Learn about convergence research
As one of its 10 Big Ideas for Future Investments, NSF supports convergence research through numerous programs and funding opportunities.
See the latest solicitation
The program invites proposals for multi-disciplinary team research that crosses directorate or division boundaries and is currently not supported by NSF programs, initiatives or Big Ideas.
Keep informed
Sign up to receive updates from the Growing Convergence Research program and lecture series.
Contact information
For more information about Growing Convergence Research, please contact Dragana Brzakovic.